Question 1

In his model of psychosocial development,Erik Erikson proposed that personality is

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's model of psychosocial development proposes that personality is shaped by the resolution of a series of psychosocial crises. These crises occur at different stages of development and involve a conflict between an individual's needs and the demands of society. Successfully resolving these crises leads to the development of a healthy personality, while unsuccessful resolution can result in negative outcomes such as anxiety, guilt, or a sense of inadequacy. Thus, E is the correct answer.

Question 2

When placed in the strange situation test,Erica is distressed when her mother leaves the room,and happily greats her when she returns.When mom is around she explores the playroom and does not seem distressed when a stranger enters.Erica would most likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

Erica shows signs of secure attachment as she is distressed when her mother leaves the room, but greets her happily upon her return. She also explores the playroom in the presence of her mother, and is not distressed by the presence of a stranger. This indicates that she trusts her mother to provide a secure base from which to explore the environment, but is upset when that base is temporarily removed.

Question 3

A researcher is interested in examining the development and effects of shyness.To do this,she identifies a group of 100 shy children at age 10,and then follows them for the next 10 years,checking in periodically to gather additional information.This design is best described as

Accepted Answer

This design is best described as a longitudinal design because it involves following the same group of participants over an extended period of time, in this case, 10 years. This allows for an examination of the development of shyness over time and the effects it may have on the participants' lives.

Question 4

As was discussed in the textbook,the type of parenting that is associated with high control and high warmth,and the best outcomes for children is the:

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style is associated with high control and high warmth, which provides structure and clear rules while also being responsive and supportive towards the child. This style has been linked to the best outcomes for children, including positive self-esteem, social competence, and academic success. Therefore, the best choice is C - authoritative style.

Question 5

According to Jean Piaget,___________ involves the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the correct answer as this term refers to the process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to make sense of new experiences that cannot be assimilated into existing schemas.

Question 6

Though he previously showed no problems with strangers,little Joey has become more apprehensive around them when he is upset,and he frequently is inconsolable until his mother or father picks him up.Bowlby would most likely classify Joey as being in the _____________ attachment behaviour phase.

Accepted Answer

The specific attachment behaviour phase is characterized by a child's increased use of one or a few specific caregivers as a secure base from which to explore the environment and seek comfort during times of distress. Joey's behavior of becoming apprehensive around strangers and being inconsolable until his mother or father picks him up suggests that he is relying on specific caregivers for comfort and is in the specific attachment behaviour phase.

Question 7

When placed in the strange situation,Eric shows no distress at all when his mother leaves the room,and by the same token,he is not very excited when she returns.Overall,he doesn't appear to be very attached to his mother,but he doesn't resist when she picks him up to give him a kiss.Eric would most likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

Eric's behavior indicates a lack of attachment to his mother, which suggests an avoidant attachment style. However, since he doesn't resist when she picks him up, it's unlikely that he has a completely avoidant attachment style. Therefore, he would be classified as anxious-avoidant, meaning he wants to be close to his mother but also wants to avoid the possibility of rejection or disappointment.

Question 8

Which of the following is FALSE regarding information processing and aging?

Accepted Answer

Recognition tends to decline less than recall as we age. This is because recognition involves identifying information in the presence of cues, which is generally easier and less affected by aging compared to recall, where information must be retrieved without cues.

Question 9

Based on the results of studies examining parenting and marital satisfaction,during which of the following times would you predict that marital satisfaction would be highest?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that marital satisfaction for couples typically decreases after the birth of the first child, reaches its lowest point when the child is around 8 years old (due to the stress of balancing work and parenting responsibilities), and then improves gradually as the child grows older and becomes more independent. However, the highest levels of marital satisfaction have been found to occur after the child has left home for college because parents have more time to focus on their own interests and relationship without the daily demands of parenting.

Question 10

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Infants actually prefer more complex patterns to simple ones. Studies have shown that newborns will look longer at a more intricate pattern compared to a simple one.

Question 11

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a child in the concrete operational stage if you asked him/her to draw a map specifying the route to school?

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage is characterized by the ability to perform concrete operations, such as understanding spatial relationships and being able to demonstrate this understanding in concrete ways. Therefore, it is likely that a child in this stage would be able to draw a basic map of the usual route to school.

Question 12

A graduate student decides to replicate the famous Harlow experiment with infant monkeys.The monkeys are isolated from birth and are raised with either a cloth surrogate mother or a wire surrogate mother that provides nourishment.The student predicts that the infant monkeys will be attached to the cloth surrogate mother.This prediction is based on the concept of

Accepted Answer

The prediction that the infant monkeys will be attached to the cloth surrogate mother is based on the concept of contact comfort, which was demonstrated in Harlow's original experiment. The cloth surrogate mother provides soft and warm physical contact that promotes a sense of security and comfort, leading to the development of a strong attachment bond. This attachment persists even when the wire surrogate mother provides nourishment, indicating that food is not the only factor in attachment formation.

Question 13

A teenager who says to herself that nobody else could possibly comprehend the struggles and difficulties she has been through is best demonstrating one of the two presumed parts of adolescent egocentrism called

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is one of the two presumed parts of adolescent egocentrism, which involves the belief that one's experiences and feelings are unique and exceptional and that others cannot understand them. This is exemplified by the teenage girl who believes that nobody else could possibly comprehend her struggles and difficulties.

Question 14

A child shows object permanence,but fails on a conservation problem.According to Piaget,this child is in the

Accepted Answer

The child who shows object permanence but fails on a conservation problem is in the preoperational stage according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 2 to 7 years and is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and centration, which leads to the inability to understand conservation tasks. However, object permanence develops during this stage, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard.

Question 15

Reaching puberty earlier than fellow peers is associated with

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reaching puberty earlier than fellow peers is...

Question 16

A researcher is interested in examining the development and effects of shyness.To do this,she identifies a group of 100 shy children-50 eight-year-olds and 50 ten-year-olds.She takes various measures of shyness and compares the two groups.This design is best described as

Accepted Answer

This design is a classic example of a cross-sectional design, where the researcher is comparing two groups (eight-year-olds and ten-year-olds) at one point in time based on their level of shyness. A longitudinal design would involve following the same group of shy children over time to observe changes in shyness, whereas a placebo design involves the use of a control group and a treatment group to observe the effects of a specific intervention or treatment. A sequential design involves combining cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and a tracking design involves following a specific group of individuals over time without necessarily measuring a specific trait or characteristic like shyness.

Question 17

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development,all of the following should be true,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's model suggests that moral development progresses from a focus on punishment, to rewards, then to social expectations, and finally to abstract principles. Thus, children do not prioritize social expectations over rewards in their moral decision-making process according to this model.

Question 18

Which of the following is most characteristic of a child born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Accepted Answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition that occurs when a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, leading to the baby having physical and intellectual abnormalities. The most characteristic features of FAS include small malformed brains, intellectual deficits, and impaired social skills. Other features can include facial abnormalities, but this is not as specific or prominent as the brain and intellectual deficits. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 19

Some people believe that if a person has not learned a second language in childhood,learning a second language as an adult,while possible,is a much more difficult task.This belief would support a(n)_________ view of bilingualism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some people believe that if a person...

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?

Accepted Answer

The sex of a child is determined by the father's genetic contribution because the father provides either an X or a Y chromosome, while the mother always provides an X chromosome. An XX combination results in a female child, and an XY combination results in a male child.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan