Question 1

Gibson and Walk conducted pioneering studies of:

Accepted Answer

Gibson and Walk's studies involved depth perception, specifically the ability of infants and animals to perceive depth and distance in their environment.

Question 2

How many limb amputees experience phantom pain,according to the textbook?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, approximately 50% to 80% of limb amputees experience phantom pain.

Question 3

Consider the groups of letters within parentheses: (XX XX XX).That we perceive three pairs of Xs,rather than 6 Xs,reflects the Gestalt principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of proximity states that objects that are closer together are perceived as a group. In this case, the Xs that are closer together within each pair are perceived as a group, leading us to perceive three pairs of Xs rather than 6 individual Xs.

Question 4

Which statement is MOST accurate concerning the effects on pain of endorphins on the one hand,and substance P on the other?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins and substance P have opposing effects on pain. Endorphins are natural painkillers that suppress pain signals, while substance P enhances pain signals. The release of endorphins can counteract the effects of substance P, leading to decreased pain perception. Therefore, these two neurotransmitters work in opposite directions to regulate pain.

Question 5

Simon watches a flock of birds fly south for the winter.Simon sees the flock as a group based not only on the birds' proximity to each other,but also on the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon watches a flock of birds fly...

Question 6

The ______ illusion is a visual illusion containing a horizontal line terminating in inward- or outward-pointing arrowheads.

Accepted Answer

The Müller-Lyer illusion is a well-known visual illusion that involves a horizontal line with arrowheads at either end, where one set of arrowheads is inward-pointing and the other set is outward-pointing. This creates the illusion that one line is longer than the other, even though they are actually the same length.

Question 7

According to the textbook,phantom limb pain might reflect:

Accepted Answer

Phantom limb pain is believed to occur due to brain reorganization after limb amputation. The brain's sensory and motor areas that were previously responsible for processing the missing limb's sensations and movements begin to reorganize themselves, causing abnormal signaling and sensations in the affected area, leading to phantom limb pain.

Question 8

Which Gestalt principle is correctly defined?

Accepted Answer

Proximity is the Gestalt principle that refers to stimuli near to one another tending to be grouped together.

Question 9

Proprioceptors are found in the:

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors are specialized sensory receptors found in muscles, tendons, and joints that provide information about body position and movement to the central nervous system. Semicircular canals are part of the inner ear involved in balance and spatial orientation, while the cochlea is responsible for processing auditory signals. The olfactory bulb is part of the brain responsible for processing smell.

Question 10

Artie organizes the binders in his office by color.The color-coding exemplifies the Gestalt principle of:

Accepted Answer

Artie's organization of the binders by color is an example of the principle of similarity, as he groups together items based on their shared attribute of color. This principle suggests that we tend to perceive objects that have similar characteristics as belonging together, and this helps us organize our visual world into distinct groups.

Question 11

Which of the following contexts influences whether a person perceived the Müller-Lyer illusion the MOST?

Accepted Answer

The Müller-Lyer illusion is influenced by the carpentered world hypothesis, which suggests that people who live in cultures where carpentry is prevalent are more susceptible to the illusion. This is because they are used to seeing lines that are either parallel or perpendicular due to their exposure to rectangular buildings and objects. Therefore, context plays a significant role in how people perceive this illusion. The other options, such as gender, age, and reading direction, have not been found to have a substantial impact on perception of the Müller-Lyer illusion.

Question 12

The face-vase stimulus illustrates the Gestalt psychologists' emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

The face-vase stimulus is a classic example of the Gestalt principle of figure-ground. It demonstrates how we can perceive the same visual information in two different ways, either as the white faces against a black background or as a black vase against a white background. This emphasizes how our perception is influenced by how we organize and interpret visual information.

Question 13

Where are the receptor cells for kinesthesia located?

Accepted Answer

Receptor cells for kinesthesia are located in the muscles and joints. Kinesthesia is the perception of body movements and position, which relies on sensory information from the proprioceptors (receptors located in muscles and joints). The other options, such as semicircular cells (A), olfactory bulbs (B), and vestibular sacs (D), are involved in other aspects of sensory perception, such as balance, smell, and hearing, respectively.

Question 14

Cross-cultural studies have shown that people living in traditional,preindustrial societies are _____ susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion; this _____ the top-down explanation of the illusion offered in your text.

Accepted Answer

The statement that people living in traditional, preindustrial societies are less susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion supports the top-down explanation of the illusion offered in the text, which suggests that the illusion is influenced by cultural experiences and familiarity with carpentered environments.

Question 15

Gibson and Walk (1960)found that depth perception:

Accepted Answer

Gibson and Walk (1960) conducted the "visual cliff" experiment, which demonstrated that depth perception is innate. Even very young animals and human infants, with minimal experience, could perceive depth and were hesitant to cross the apparent drop.

Question 16

Which of the following represents a knowledge-based explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion?

Accepted Answer

Based on their experience with the built environment, observers perceive the inward-pointing arrowheads as a nearby outside corner of a building or other rectangular object; in contrast, the outward pointing arrowheads are seen as a more distant, but larger, inside corner.

Question 17

Examining his doctor's handwriting on the prescription slip,Ben completes the gaps in some of the lower-case letters to perceive an a and an o rather than two u's.This example illustrates the Gestalt principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of closure involves completing incomplete objects or patterns to form a meaningful whole. In this scenario, Ben completes the gaps in the lower-case letters to see an "a" and an "o," which forms complete letters and helps him to understand the words on the prescription slip.

Question 18

The Gestalt psychologists were MOST interested in the _____ of perception.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychologists were primarily interested in the organization of perception, specifically how people group elements together to form a meaningful whole. They believed that perception was more than just the sum of its individual parts, and that people perceived the world in organized, holistic ways.

Question 19

Kiara excels at gymnastics,especially at balance-beam routines.Her skill depends on her _____ sense.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular sense is responsible for our sense of balance and spatial orientation. As Kiara excels at balance-beam routines, her skill relies on this sense. The auditory sense relates to hearing, the gustatory sense relates to taste, and the olfactory sense relates to smell, and none of these senses directly contribute to balancing abilities.

Question 20

The term "Gestalt" comes from a German word for:

Accepted Answer

The term "Gestalt" comes from the German word for form or shape. It refers to the idea that people tend to perceive visual elements as a single, unified form rather than as individual parts.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception