Question 1

Operational gaming refers to simulation involving two or more competing agents.

Accepted Answer

Operational gaming commonly involves military, economic or political scenarios, with participants acting as decision-makers and responding to changing circumstances as the simulation progresses.

Question 2

When establishing a probability distribution based on historical outcomes, the relative frequency for each possible outcome of a variable is found by dividing the frequency of each outcome by the total number of observations.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of relative frequency and is how probability distributions are typically established based on historical outcomes.

Question 3

Many companies use computerized simulation models to decide when to shut down an entire plant for maintenance activities.

Accepted Answer

Many companies use computerized simulation models to accurately predict and plan maintenance shutdowns for their plants, which can help them minimize downtime and increase efficiency.

Question 4

Table 13-2
A new young mother has opened a cloth diaper service.She is interested in simulating the number of diapers required for a one-year-old.She hopes to use this data to show the cost effectiveness of cloth diapers.The table below shows the number of diapers demanded daily and the probabilities associated with each level of demand.
 
-According to Table 13-2, if the random number 96 were generated for a particular day, what would the simulated demand be for that day?
A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8

Accepted Answer

The random number 96 falls within the range assigned to a demand of 8 in Table 13-2.

Question 5

Table 13-2
A new young mother has opened a cloth diaper service.She is interested in simulating the number of diapers required for a one-year-old.She hopes to use this data to show the cost effectiveness of cloth diapers.The table below shows the number of diapers demanded daily and the probabilities associated with each level of demand.
 
-According to Table 13-2, if the random number 40 were generated for a particular day, what would the simulated demand be for that day?
A)5
B)6
C)7
D)20

Accepted Answer

The random number 40 falls within the range that corresponds to a simulated demand of 6, according to Table 13-2.

Question 6

One use of machine maintenance simulation is to test how frequently preventive maintenance should be performed or determine whether the plant should adopt a policy of simply fixing a machine when it breaks.

Accepted Answer

Machine maintenance simulation can help in determining the optimal frequency of preventive maintenance and whether it is more cost-effective to fix a machine when it breaks or adopt a policy of preventive maintenance.

Question 7

Econometric models are typically huge simulations involving thousands of queuing equations tied together by economics factors.

Accepted Answer

Econometric models vary in size and complexity; they can range from simple models with a few equations to more complex ones with many equations, but they are not typically characterized by "thousands of queuing equations." They are designed to quantify economic hypotheses and forecast future trends based on statistical methods, not primarily through simulations involving queuing equations.

Question 8

What is the probability of selecting any random number from a two-digit table?
A)0.001
B)0.01
C)0.10
D)0.02

Accepted Answer

There are 90 two-digit numbers (10-99) and each has an equal probability of being selected. So the probability of selecting any random number is 1/90, which is equal to 0.01 or 1%. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 9

A simulation that tests the number of ticket takers needed to allow fans to enter a stadium within a set period of time is one example of operational gaming.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a simulation study aimed at optimizing operations, specifically queue management, rather than operational gaming, which involves simulating competitive scenarios to explore strategic decisions and their outcomes.

Question 10

Verification relates to building the right model.

Accepted Answer

Verification is about ensuring the model was built correctly according to specifications, not about whether the right model was chosen. Validation, on the other hand, concerns building the right model for the intended purpose.

Question 11

There are three categories of simulation models: Monte Carlo, operational gaming, and systems simulation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. There are indeed three main categories of simulation models: Monte Carlo, operational gaming, and systems simulation.

Question 12

Table 13-1
The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation.
 
-According to Table 13-1, if a random number of 00 is drawn, what would the simulated number of breakdowns be?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Accepted Answer

The answer of Table 13-1
The table below represents the probability...

Question 13

Table 13-1
The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation.
 
-According to Table 13-1, what is the probability of at least one breakdown?
A)0.2
B)0.3
C)0.5
D)0.8

Accepted Answer

The probability of at least one breakdown is calculated by subtracting the probability of no breakdowns from 1. If the table isn't provided, this general approach applies: 1 - P(no breakdown). Assuming P(no breakdown) = 0.2, then P(at least one breakdown) = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8.

Question 14

Validation relates to building the right model.

Accepted Answer

Validation involves testing and evaluating a model to ensure that it accurately represents the problem it is intended to solve. This process helps to identify and correct any errors or biases in the model and ensure that it is effective in achieving its intended purpose. Therefore, validation is important in building the right model.

Question 15

The Monte Carlo simulation was developed by
A)John von Neumann.
B)Eric von Brock.
C)A.K.Erlang.
D)P.K.Poisson.

Accepted Answer

John von Neumann is credited with developing the Monte Carlo simulation method in the 1940s while working on the Manhattan Project.

Question 16

Table 13-1
The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation.
 
-According to Table 13-1, what is the cumulative probability of 2 breakdowns?
A)0.35
B)0.50
C)0.85
D)0.15

Accepted Answer

To find the cumulative probability of 2 breakdowns, we need to add the probabilities for 0, 1, and 2 breakdowns. 
0.1 + 0.4 + 0.35 = 0.85 
Therefore, the cumulative probability of 2 breakdowns is 0.85.

Question 17

Which of the following is not an advantage of simulation?
A)It allows for the study of what-if questions.
B)Each simulation model is unique.
C)It allows the study of interaction of components or variables to determine which are important.
D)It allows time compression.

Accepted Answer

The fact that each simulation model is unique is not necessarily an advantage, as it can make it difficult to compare or replicate results. The other options are all advantages of simulation.

Question 18

Simulation of maintenance problems can help management analyze various staffing strategies based on machine downtime and labor cost.

Accepted Answer

Simulation of maintenance problems can provide a realistic environment for management to test different staffing strategies and evaluate their impact on machine downtime and labor costs. It allows them to identify the most effective and efficient approach to maintaining equipment and managing labor resources.

Question 19

Econometric models are one class of systems simulations.

Accepted Answer

Econometric models use statistical techniques to analyze economic data and make predictions or estimates. This involves creating a model that represents the relationships between different economic variables, and then simulating the behavior of the model under different conditions. Therefore, econometric models are a type of systems simulation.

Question 20

In assigning random numbers in a Monte Carlo simulation
A)it is important to develop a cumulative probability distribution.
B)it is important to use a normal distribution for all variables simulated.
C)it is not important to assign probabilities to an exact range of random number intervals.
D)it is important to use prime numbers to seed the distribution.

Accepted Answer

Developing a cumulative probability distribution is important in assigning random numbers in a Monte Carlo simulation as it allows for accurate representation of the probability of different outcomes. This is necessary to ensure the simulation is effective in modeling real-world scenarios. The other options are not necessary or optimal in all cases.

Quiz 13: Simulation Modeling

Operational gaming refers to simulation involving two or more competing agents.

When establishing a probability distribution based on historical outcomes, the relative frequency for each possible outcome of a variable is found by dividing the frequency of each outcome by the total number of observations.

Many companies use computerized simulation models to decide when to shut down an entire plant for maintenance activities.

One use of machine maintenance simulation is to test how frequently preventive maintenance should be performed or determine whether the plant should adopt a policy of simply fixing a machine when it breaks.

Econometric models are typically huge simulations involving thousands of queuing equations tied together by economics factors.

What is the probability of selecting any random number from a two-digit table?

A simulation that tests the number of ticket takers needed to allow fans to enter a stadium within a set period of time is one example of operational gaming.

Verification relates to building the right model.

There are three categories of simulation models: Monte Carlo, operational gaming, and systems simulation.

Table 13-1 The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation. -According to Table 13-1, if a random number of 00 is drawn, what would the simulated number of breakdowns be?

Table 13-1 The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation. -According to Table 13-1, what is the probability of at least one breakdown?

Validation relates to building the right model.

The Monte Carlo simulation was developed by

Table 13-1 The table below represents the probability distribution for machine breakdowns in a day of operation. -According to Table 13-1, what is the cumulative probability of 2 breakdowns?

Which of the following is not an advantage of simulation?

Simulation of maintenance problems can help management analyze various staffing strategies based on machine downtime and labor cost.

Econometric models are one class of systems simulations.

In assigning random numbers in a Monte Carlo simulation