Question 1

Depressed people tend to believe that:

Accepted Answer

Depressed individuals often have a pessimistic view of their situation, believing that their misery is permanent and uncontrollable. They may also feel helpless and unable to improve their circumstances. Options A and D suggest that the individual has some control over their situation, which may not be the case for someone with depression. Option B suggests a temporary feeling, which may not be accurate for someone with chronic depression.

Question 2

The two dominant approaches to understanding addiction and drug abuse are:

Accepted Answer

The two dominant approaches to understanding addiction and drug abuse are the biological model and the learning model, which focus on the physiological and behavioral factors, respectively. The cultural, psychodynamic, and humanist models are alternative theories that may be considered, but they are not the dominant approaches. The objective model is not a common approach to addiction and drug abuse.

Question 3

Cognitive theorists would be most likely to agree that the real problem for depressed people is that:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists believe that the real problem for depressed people is their negative thinking patterns and beliefs, which lead to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. These thoughts are often distorted and unrealistic, and cognitive therapy aims to identify and modify them in order to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. Mania, unsatisfying jobs, and unsatisfying family lives may contribute to or exacerbate depression, but they are not considered the primary cause according to cognitive theory.

Question 4

________ disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and an inability to regulate emotions.

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by extreme negative emotionality and an inability to regulate emotions. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between extreme highs and lows. Psychopathy is not a formal diagnosis, but refers to a cluster of traits including callousness, manipulativeness, and a lack of empathy.

Question 5

The key symptoms of ________are rule-breaking, aggressiveness, and irresponsibility.

Accepted Answer

The key symptoms of antisocial personality disorder are rule-breaking (e.g. violating the law or social norms), aggressiveness (e.g. physical fights or intimidation), and irresponsibility (e.g. failure to fulfill work or financial obligations). Schizophrenia involves symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, borderline personality disorder involves unstable moods and relationships, and social phobia involves intense fear or anxiety about social situations.

Question 6

In ________, episodes of both depression and mania occur.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of both depression and mania. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by instability in mood, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for others' feelings and rights. Psychotic disorder is a broad category that includes disorders in which individuals experience hallucinations, delusions, or other symptoms that distort their perception of reality.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of mania?

Accepted Answer

Feelings of power, extreme euphoria, and impulsive behavior are all common symptoms of mania. Angry rumination, however, is more commonly associated with depression.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is a characteristic of psychopaths?

Accepted Answer

Psychopaths are characterized by a lack of fear and inability to feel remorse for their actions. This is why they are often able to engage in criminal behavior without concern for the consequences. Psychopaths also typically lack empathy, so option B is incorrect. Option C is also incorrect because psychopaths do not feel remorse for their harmful acts. Option A is incorrect because psychopaths are typically not afraid of being caught or punished.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the biological model of addiction and drug abuse is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement "For alcoholics who begin drinking heavily in adulthood, heritable factors are strongly involved" is false. Research has shown that genetic influences on alcoholism are stronger among individuals who begin drinking heavily in adolescence or early adulthood than those who begin drinking heavily later in life.

Question 10

Biological research concerning the development of mood disorders suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biological research concerning the development of mood...

Question 11

________ is a disorder involving disturbances in emotion, loss of interest in one's usual activities, thoughts of hopelessness, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed are characteristic of major depression, which is a mood disorder that affects a person's daily life and functioning. Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive and persistent worry and fear, psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial and impulsive behaviors, and borderline personality disorder involves unstable moods, relationships, and self-image.

Question 12

Which of the following statements holds true for nondepressed people?

Accepted Answer

Nondepressed people are usually able to distract themselves, look outward, and seek solutions when faced with difficult situations. This is in contrast to depressed individuals who tend to ruminate, believe their situation is uncontrollable, and have negative thoughts and perceptions.

Question 13

Anthony is a charming and manipulative man with an ambition to become rich and powerful. He uses his charm and manipulates rich women to marry him. He emotionally exploits them and gets all their assets transferred to his name. Then, he kills them in cold blood without any regret. Anthony is showing the characteristics of a:

Accepted Answer

Anthony displays the hallmarks of a psychopath, including charm, manipulation, lack of empathy, and a tendency to use and abuse others for his own benefit. His lack of remorse for killing his spouses also points to psychopathy. Mania, schizophrenia, and psychosis do not fit his behaviors as well.

Question 14

________ is a personality disorder characterized by fearlessness; lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse; the use of deceit; and cold-heartedness.

Accepted Answer

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by fearlessness, lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse, the use of deceit, and cold-heartedness. It is often associated with criminal behavior and a disregard for the rights of others. Addiction, schizophrenia, and psychosis are not characterized by these specific traits.

Question 15

The vulnerability-stress model describes:

Accepted Answer

The vulnerability-stress model refers to the idea that interactions between stressful events and individual vulnerabilities (such as genetic predispositions or past experiences) can lead to the development of a disorder. It does not refer to the interpretation of ambiguous pictures or specific diagnostic categories, and does not necessarily apply only to people who are "insane."

Question 16

________ involve impairments in personality that cause great distress to an individual or impair his or her ability to get along with others, and the presence of pathological traits such as excessive hostility or callousness.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the symptoms of personality disorders, which are characterized by enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate significantly from cultural expectations, and cause distress or impairment in functioning. Symptoms may include hostility, callousness, impulsivity, and lack of empathy. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders both involve mood disturbances, while attention deficit disorders primarily involve difficulties with attention and focus.

Question 17

Mark would bite and hit the other children in his preschool class, and by the time he turned ten he started shoplifting and skipping school. His teenage years showed a pattern of cheating at school, stealing from a part-time job, selling drugs, and stealing cars. Mark's developmental history is an indication of:

Accepted Answer

Mark's pattern of aggressive behavior since preschool, along with his increasing engagement in criminal activities during adolescence, is consistent with the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. Mark's behavior also demonstrates a lack of empathy, impulsivity, and a failure to conform to social norms.

Question 18

Which of the following factors contributes to depression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors contributes to...

Question 19

Which of the following facts holds true for antisocial personality disorder (APD)?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with APD tend to have impairments in frontal lobe functioning, which can affect decision-making and impulse control.

Question 20

________ disorder is characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as law-breaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by persistent disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Individuals with this disorder may engage in reckless behavior, such as substance abuse, criminal activity, and impulsiveness, without regard for the consequences. They often fail to conform to social norms and may lie, manipulate, or exploit others for personal gain. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between depressive and manic episodes. Psychopathy is a term used in criminal justice to describe a specific set of traits or behaviors, but it is not a recognized psychiatric diagnosis.

Quiz 15: Psychological Disorders