Question 1

Who of the following was a famous functionalist?

Accepted Answer

William James was one of the most influential functionalists in psychology. He believed that behavior should be studied in terms of its function in helping individuals adapt to their environment.

Question 2

A person is asked to look at an apple and then describe the various elements that make up her perception (e.g., color, shape, size, etc.). Which of the following schools of psychology is this research most likely a part of?

Accepted Answer

This research is most likely a part of structuralism, which focuses on analyzing the basic elements of consciousness such as sensation, perception, and mental processes. The question asks the person to describe the various elements of their perception of an apple, which fits within the framework of structuralism.

Question 3

In America, Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students, E. B. Titchener, who gave Wundt's approach the name:

Accepted Answer

E. B. Titchener gave Wilhelm Wundt's approach the name of "structuralism" when he introduced his ideas to America.

Question 4

The founder of functionalism was:

Accepted Answer

William James is considered the founder of functionalism. He believed that psychology should focus on the functions and purposes of the mind rather than just its structure or elements. This approach led to the study of behavior as it relates to an organism's environment and the functions it serves in supporting survival and adaptation.

Question 5

Most psychologists eventually rejected the method of trained introspection in psychological research as being too:

Accepted Answer

Trained introspection involves individuals reporting on their own internal experiences and processes, which can vary greatly from person to person and be influenced by biases and external factors. This makes it a subjective method that is difficult to replicate or generalize across a population, leading many psychologists to reject it as a reliable research tool.

Question 6

Which school of thought in psychology used the method of trained introspection in research studies?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism used the method of trained introspection to analyze the basic elements of the mind and the way they interact with each other. This approach was developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his students and was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 7

Several middle-school girls watch their classmates, Jon and Jason, engage in a rough-and-tumble wrestling match. The attention of the girls seems to intensify the boys' play. A psychologist trained in the functionalist school would wonder:

Accepted Answer

The functionalist school of psychology is concerned with the adaptive purpose or function of behavior. Therefore, a psychologist trained in this school would be interested in understanding the purpose of rough-and-tumble play in the context of early adolescence. Option A is more aligned with structuralism, which emphasizes breaking down behavior into its basic components. Option B is based on phrenology, which has been discredited as a pseudo-science. Option D is rooted in psychoanalytic theory, which focuses on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences as the basis of behavior.

Question 8

The research method used by Wilhelm Wundt in which volunteers were taught to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The research method used by Wilhelm Wundt in which volunteers were taught to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions is called trained introspection.

Question 9

A person is asked to break down all the different components of taste when biting into an orange. Which of the following schools of psychology is this research most likely a part of?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was focused on breaking down consciousness into its basic components, including sensations and perceptions. This research task of breaking down the different components of taste when biting into an orange aligns with the goals of structuralism.

Question 10

Which school of thought in psychology hoped to analyze sensations, images, and feelings into basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was the school of thought in psychology that aimed to analyze sensations, images, and feelings into their basic elements. Phrenology was focused on analyzing the shape and size of the skull to determine personality traits, abilities, and tendencies. Functionalism was interested in studying the adaptive purposes and functions of behaviors and mental processes. Psychoanalysis was focused on analyzing unconscious thoughts and conflicts that influence behavior.

Question 11

The goal of trained introspection, a research method in psychology popularized by Wilhelm Wundt, was to:

Accepted Answer

Trained introspection involved breaking down behaviors into their most basic elements, allowing researchers to understand the components of consciousness and mental processes.

Question 12

_______________ involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind, such as sensations and perceptions.

Question 13

_______________ is revered by psychologists because his laboratory was the first to have its results published in a scholarly journal.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is revered by psychologists because he established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879 and his results were published in the scholarly journal Philosophical Studies, which gave recognition to the field of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline.

Question 14

In America, Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students, _______________, who gave Wundt's approach the name "structuralism."

Accepted Answer

E. B. Titchener popularized Wilhelm Wundt's ideas in America and gave his approach the name "structuralism." Sigmund Freud was not a student of Wundt and he developed the psychoanalytic approach. John Watson was a behaviorist and did not promote Wundt's ideas. William James was a functionalist who had some disagreements with Wundt's approach.

Question 15

Researchers in Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory studied:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the founder of psychology and established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Therefore, researchers in his laboratory studied psychology.

Question 16

Your textbook discusses a famous laboratory set up in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. The goal of this laboratory was the study of:

Accepted Answer

The laboratory set up in Leipzig, Germany in 1879 was dedicated to the study of psychology. It was led by Wilhelm Wundt and is considered one of the first experimental psychology laboratories in the world.

Question 17

_______________ emphasized the purpose of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was a school of thought that placed emphasis on the practical purpose or function of behavior, rather than simply describing its components or analyzing its physiological underpinnings.

Question 18

Which of the following approaches was popular during the early days of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

During the early days of modern psychology, the structuralist perspective was popular, which focused on breaking down mental processes into their individual components. This approach was pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers, who used introspection to study the workings of the mind.

Question 19

Reliance on introspection got structuralists into trouble because:

Accepted Answer

Reliance on introspection got structuralists into trouble because, despite their training, introspectors often produced conflicting reports.

Question 20

_______________ is a research method popularized by Wilhelm Wundt in which trained volunteers take as long as 20 minutes to report their inner experiences during a 1.5-second experiment.

Accepted Answer

This research method is known as trained introspection, as Wundt trained his participants to introspect and report their inner experiences during an experiment. The other answer choices are not related to this specific method.

Quiz 1: What Is Psychology