Question 1

A newly fertilized egg is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

After the sperm fertilizes the ovum, the resulting cell is called a zygote. It will then divide and differentiate, eventually becoming an embryo and later a fetus. Therefore, option C, zygote, is the correct answer.

Question 2

What organ functions to prepare the mother's breasts for lactation?

Accepted Answer

The placenta plays a crucial role in hormone production during pregnancy, including those that prepare the mother's breasts for lactation, such as human placental lactogen and progesterone.

Question 3

Which of these is the stage of pregnancy at which an embryo shows a beating heart and a complete central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

By 8 weeks of gestation, the embryo has developed a beating heart and the beginnings of a complete central nervous system.

Question 4

Among the following, which is known to represent a significant risk factor for a pregnancy being affected by a neural tube defect?

Accepted Answer

Maternal obesity is known to be a significant risk factor for a pregnancy being affected by neural tube defects. This is because obesity can affect the body's ability to absorb nutrients such as folic acid, which is crucial for the development of the neural tube.

Question 5

Which of the following has a favourable influence on fertility?

Accepted Answer

Choosing diets providing protein from vegetable sources has been linked to favorable influences on fertility. This is because plant-based sources of protein are often lower in saturated fats and high in nutrients such as fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, which can improve fertility outcomes. Conversely, being underweight or having excess body fat can negatively impact fertility, and eliminating low-glycemic carbohydrates may also have negative effects on fertility as they are important for regulating insulin levels.

Question 6

A newborn infant at full gestational age has an average length of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The average length of a newborn infant at full gestational age is around 50 cm. This may vary slightly depending on the population and region, but 50 cm is a commonly accepted average. Choice A) 40 cm is too small for a full-term newborn, while B) 45 cm and D) 55 cm are outside the typical range.

Question 7

What organ of the pregnant woman is central to the exchange of nutrients for waste products with the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The placenta is an organ that forms during pregnancy and is central to the exchange of nutrients for waste products between the mother and fetus. It is attached to the uterine wall and connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The uterus provides the environment for the developing fetus and the amniotic sac surrounds and protects the fetus, but they do not play a direct role in nutrient exchange. The vagina is the birth canal and not directly involved in fetal development.

Question 8

Which of these is the name given to the human organism 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization and the stage at which the digestive system is formed?

Accepted Answer

The name given to the human organism 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization is the embryo. This is also the stage at which the digestive system is formed. The zygote is the initial cell formed when sperm fertilizes an egg, while the fetus is the later stage of development after the eighth week. Mesoderm is one of the three germ layers of cells that give rise to the different tissues and organs of the body, but it is not specifically related to this stage of development.

Question 9

Which of these is the term given to the developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth?

Accepted Answer

The developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth is known as a fetus. Option B (ovum) refers to the female reproductive cell or egg, option C (zygote) refers to the fertilized egg before it implants in the uterus, and option D (embryo) refers to the developing infant from conception until the end of the eighth week.

Question 10

Which of the following shows a relationship between nutrition and pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following shows a relationship...

Question 11

What is the approximate length of the fetus at 11 weeks of development?

Accepted Answer

At 11 weeks of development, the fetus is approximately 4.0 cm (1.6 inches) long from crown to rump.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the placenta?

Accepted Answer

The placenta is an organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy and it allows for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the mother and developing fetus.

Question 13

Which of the following weight ranges typifies a healthy infant?

Accepted Answer

A healthy infant typically weighs between 3 to 3.5 kg at birth. However, it is important to note that there can be variations in weight range based on several factors, including genetics and ethnicity.

Question 14

Which of these terms is given to the time period during which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur from specific events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins?

Accepted Answer

The critical period refers to the time period during which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur from specific events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins. The first trimester refers to the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the fertility period refers to the time during which a woman is most likely to conceive, and the conceptual period refers to the time when the sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote.

Question 15

What connects the umbilical cord to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What connects the umbilical cord to the...

Question 16

Gestation is generally divided into equal periods of how long?

Accepted Answer

Gestation is generally divided into three equal periods of 3 months each, called trimesters. This is the most commonly used system for tracking pregnancy and prenatal care.

Question 17

The neural tube forms the early parts of which of the following body parts?

Accepted Answer

The neural tube forms the brain and the spinal cord during embryonic development. The umbilical cord, liver and pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract are not derived from the neural tube.

Question 18

Which of the following describes the capacity of a man to produce sperm and a woman to periodically produce a normal egg?

Accepted Answer

Fertility refers to the ability of a man to produce sperm and a woman to periodically produce a normal egg. Zygote occurs after fertilization, conception is the process of fertilization, and implantation zone is the area in the uterus where the fertilized egg implants.

Question 19

How many weeks is the usual duration of a full-term pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A full-term pregnancy typically lasts from 38 to 42 weeks. Option A is incorrect because it is too short for a full-term pregnancy. Options C and D are incorrect because they represent post-term pregnancies, which can have a higher risk of complications.

Question 20

During development of the fetus, which of these organs is/are the first to develop?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system and brain are among the first organs to begin developing in a fetus, initiating the complex process of organogenesis early in pregnancy. This foundational development is crucial for the regulation and coordination of all other developmental processes.

Quiz 16: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation