Question 1

The patient's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The patient's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures is known as transference. Free association is a psychoanalytic technique where patients say whatever comes to mind without censorship. Catharsis refers to the emotional release that comes from talking about traumatic experiences. Abreaction is a psychoanalytic term for the reliving of past traumatic experiences in order to release emotional tension.

Question 2

Rogers felt that it was most important for clients to gain insight about ________.

Accepted Answer

Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, emphasized the importance of understanding and accepting one's current feelings and experiences as a path to self-improvement and personal growth. He believed in the concept of "here and now," focusing on individuals' present feelings rather than past experiences or unconscious conflicts.

Question 3

Most present-day insight-oriented therapists are more ________ and emotionally ________ their clients than traditional orthodox psychoanalysts thought fit.

Accepted Answer

Present-day insight-oriented therapists are more active and engaged with their clients than traditional psychoanalysts who believed in a more passive and detached approach. The therapist actively engages the client in dialogue and works collaboratively with them to promote insight and change.

Question 4

A therapist offers the patient unconditional positive regard, values the patient, and shows acceptance by reflecting the patient's statements. The therapist is using ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy, emphasizes providing a nonjudgmental and supportive environment in which clients can explore their feelings and experiences. The therapist offers unconditional positive regard, showing acceptance and valuing the client, which can help the client to develop a more positive self-concept and gain insight into their own thoughts and emotions. Psychoanalytic and Gestalt therapies may involve more interpretation and analysis of the client's behavior and experiences, while rational-emotive therapy involves challenging and changing irrational beliefs.

Question 5

In client-centered therapy, therapists try to ________.

Accepted Answer

In client-centered therapy, therapists aim to reflect clients' statements to help the client gain insight and self-awareness. This is done by paraphrasing and reflecting back what the client has shared, rather than being directive or offering suggestions or reasons for the client's feelings.

Question 6

Client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and psychoanalysis are examples of ________ therapies.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and psychoanalysis are all forms of insight therapy, which focus on gaining self-awareness and understanding of one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Behavior therapies (A) focus on changing specific problematic behaviors, cognitive therapies (C) focus on changing negative thought patterns, and reality therapies (D) focus on helping individuals take responsibility for their actions and improve their decision-making skills.

Question 7

Research has shown that a therapist's warmth and understanding increase therapeutic success ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that a therapist's warmth and understanding, also known as the therapeutic alliance, are strong predictors of positive therapy outcomes regardless of the therapeutic approach used.

Question 8

A client lies on a couch, with the therapist sitting out of sight, behind him. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, and positive and negative transference. The therapist encourages the client to "work through" the problems. This is ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

The therapy described is classic psychoanalytic therapy, which involves the client lying on a couch and the therapist using techniques like free association, transference, and interpretation to explore the client's unconscious and work through their problems. Client-centered therapy (A) involves the therapist being present and actively listening to the client's subjective experience, while behavior therapy (B) focuses on changing specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment. Rational-emotive therapy (C) involves challenging and changing irrational beliefs.

Question 9

The cardinal rule in client-centered therapy is for the therapist to express ________ for the patient.

Accepted Answer

The cardinal rule in client-centered therapy is for the therapist to express unconditional positive regard for the patient, meaning the therapist accepts and supports the patient without judgment or conditions. This creates a safe and nonthreatening atmosphere for the patient to open up and explore their feelings and experiences. Positive transference refers to the patient projecting positive feelings onto the therapist, and conditional positive regard involves the therapist only accepting and supporting the patient if they meet specific conditions or standards. Psychological congruence refers to the therapist being genuine and authentic in their interactions with the patient.

Question 10

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ________.

Accepted Answer

The major goal of insight therapies is to help individuals gain clearer awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions, which can lead to insight and personal growth. Options B, C, and D are not correct as they do not accurately describe the goals of insight therapies.

Question 11

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist sits Steve on a couch and tells him to lie down and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve's therapist is using ________.

Accepted Answer

Steve's therapist is using free association, a psychoanalytic technique that encourages patients to speak freely about whatever comes to mind, regardless of how trivial, embarrassing, or irrelevant it may seem. This technique can help patients uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to their problems.

Question 12

Neo-Freudians differ from traditional Freudian approaches to therapy in that they encourage clients to focus on the ________ and they favor ________ their patients.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians diverge from traditional Freudian therapy by placing emphasis on the present rather than solely on the past. They also favor face-to-face discussions with their clients, rather than sitting behind and passively listening to them.

Question 13

The use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy involves the use of various psychological techniques to treat mental health disorders, including personality and behavior disorders. Psychopathology refers to the study of mental illness. Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that explores the relationship between the brain, immune system, and mental health. Psychodynamics is a theoretical approach to understanding human behavior and experiences.

Question 14

Each of the following developed a major form of insight therapy except ________.

Accepted Answer

Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which is more of a cognitive-behavioral approach rather than an insight therapy.

Question 15

The psychoanalytic patient who lets his thoughts flow without interruption or inhibition is using ________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic patient who lets his thoughts flow without interruption or inhibition is using free association. This is a cornerstone of psychoanalytic therapy and allows for unconscious thoughts and emotions to surface and be explored in therapy.

Question 16

In psychoanalysis, "working through" provides people with ________.

Accepted Answer

"Working through" in psychoanalysis involves the patient reviewing and revising their response to childhood conflicts in order to gain a better understanding of their current psychological issues and make progress towards resolving them. It is not related to expressing positive or negative transference or the analyst's interpretation of the patient's problems.

Question 17

According to Rogers, the goal of client-centered therapy is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that the goal of client-centered therapy is to help clients become more fully functioning individuals, able to achieve their full potential in life. This involves facilitating clients' self-exploration and self-awareness so they can learn to trust their own experience, feelings, and opinions, and become more self-directed and autonomous. The therapist creates a supportive, nonjudgmental atmosphere that encourages the client to express themselves freely and fully and provides empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard. The client is the expert on themselves, and the therapist's role is to facilitate their growth and self-discovery rather than to diagnose or treat them.

Question 18

Bringing hidden feelings to consciousness is the goal of ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic therapy, developed by Sigmund Freud, seeks to bring unconscious feelings and conflicts to the conscious mind in order to resolve them. The therapist helps the client explore their unconscious desires, motivations, and past experiences to gain insight into their current thoughts and behaviors.

Question 19

In psychotherapy, the awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The process of becoming aware of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they impact present feelings and behavior is referred to as insight in psychotherapy. Through insight, individuals are able to understand the root causes of their behavior and make positive changes in their lives. Free association involves verbally expressing whatever comes to one's mind without censorship, while catharsis is the emotional release that can occur during therapy. Transference refers to the process of unconsciously transferring feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.

Question 20

Making acceptance and love of a person contingent upon that person conforming to what you want them to be is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Conditional positive regard means that the acceptance and love of an individual are conditioned upon them conforming to a specific set of behaviors or beliefs. This is in contrast to unconditional positive regard, which is accepting and loving an individual for who they are, regardless of their behaviors or beliefs. Positive transference and psychological congruence are not related to this concept.

Quiz 13: Therapies