Question 1

Brain damage that effects information-processing skills involved in the retrieval of information is likely to be located in the

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Neuropsychological evaluations and ____ analysis have been used in order to identify malingering in patients who had previously had brain damage.

Accepted Answer

Discriminate function analysis is a statistical method used in neuropsychological evaluations to determine if a patient is intentionally exaggerating or faking their symptoms. It compares the patient's test scores to those of a control group and determines the probability of the patient's scores being due to chance alone. This analysis can help identify malingering in patients who had previously had brain damage.

Question 3

After suffering from a stroke,Louise has problems dressing and seems to have trouble telling her right from her left.She also has trouble reading because she cannot seem to recognize written words.It is quite likely that the damage from the stroke

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for language and spatial processing related to the right side of the body. This is further supported by the difficulty in recognizing written words, which is a function of the left hemisphere's language centers.

Question 4

An individual with difficulty writing,impaired visual perception,and paralysis of a limb that they deny is paralyzed,might be suspected of having damage to which brain hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

These symptoms suggest damage to the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for spatial perception, language comprehension, and motor control of the left side of the body. The difficulty writing and impaired visual perception suggest a problem with spatial perception, while the denial of paralysis suggests a problem with awareness or insight, which is also a function of the right hemisphere.

Question 5

Your textbook presents the case of a patient who exhibited deterioration in performance on the Draw-a-Clock task,which was administered three times from 1996 to 1999.The pattern of the patient's performance indicated that

Accepted Answer

The deterioration in performance on the Draw-a-Clock task is indicative of impaired parietal lobe functioning. The parietal lobe is important for visuospatial abilities and drawing a clock requires accurate visualization of space and numbers. This suggests that the patient's parietal lobe functioning had deteriorated. There is no evidence in the case presented to suggest schizophrenia or illiteracy are factors, and dopamine production is not directly related to performance on the Draw-a-Clock task.

Question 6

Most of the work in neuropsychology is directed toward the assessment of

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychology is the study of the relationship between behavior, emotion, and cognition on the one hand, and brain function and structure on the other. Therefore, the main focus of neuropsychology is on the assessment of brain dysfunction.

Question 7

The factor proposed by Mirsky related to a child's ability to scan information and respond in a meaningful way is called

Accepted Answer

The factor proposed by Mirsky related to a child's ability to scan information and respond in a meaningful way is called "focus execute." This term refers to the ability to maintain attention and execute a response based on the information presented.

Question 8

Clinical neuropsychology is multidisciplinary and overlaps with the fields of

Accepted Answer

Clinical neuropsychology involves the assessment and treatment of cognitive and behavioral problems arising from brain damage or disease. As such, it has significant overlap with psychiatry, which deals with mental health disorders, neurology, which focuses on neurological disorders, and psychometric testing, which uses standardized tests to measure psychological abilities and traits. The other options, B and C, include fields that are not directly related to clinical neuropsychology.

Question 9

The roots of neuropsychology can be traced to the 19^th century work of

Accepted Answer

Broca and Wernicke were pioneers in the field of neuropsychology, specifically in the study of language and the brain. Both made significant contributions to our understanding of aphasia and how it relates to brain damage. While other figures like Luria, Reitan, Tuber, and Geschwind also made important contributions to the field, they came later than Broca and Wernicke and built on their foundational work.

Question 10

Mirsky and colleagues have identified four different factors of mental processing and related them to specific anatomical regions in the brain.These four factors are

Accepted Answer

Mirsky and colleagues identified four factors of mental processing as focus execute, sustain, encode, and shift, relating them to specific brain regions. This model helps in understanding how different cognitive functions are organized and localized in the brain.

Question 11

The concussion resolution index

Accepted Answer

The statement that "the concussion resolution index can assess neuropsychological problems when other reports are normal" suggests that it is a useful tool for detecting issues that may not be picked up by other tests. Therefore, option D is the correct choice. Option A suggests that the test does not correlate well with other tests, which could be seen as a disadvantage, and option B suggests that it performs poorly in comparison to another test, which also suggests a limitation. Option C is a simple statement that does not provide any advantages or disadvantages.

Question 12

Dyslexia

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read, write, and spell. It is not a motor disorder or a disease that affects the muscular system. Additionally, dyslexia is not associated with mental retardation. It is simply a difference in the way the brain processes information. The main characteristic of dyslexia is difficulty decoding single words, which can lead to problems with reading comprehension and written expression.

Question 13

Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder in which individuals have difficulty understanding spoken and written language, but their ability to produce language remains intact. The person may produce sentences that are grammatically correct, but semantically meaningless or "word salad." Difficulty in reading and psychomotor abilities are not primary features of Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 14

One of the major disadvantages of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is that the battery

Accepted Answer

The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery requires 8 to 12 hours to administer, which is a significant amount of time and may not be feasible for all individuals or situations.

Question 15

The scientific discipline that examines psychological impairments of the central nervous system,and the therapeutic or educational techniques designed to bring about improvement,is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Clinical neuropsychology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of the relationship between the brain and behavior. It involves the assessment and treatment of individuals suffering from psychological impairments of the central nervous system, such as those caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases. The techniques used in clinical neuropsychology are designed to improve cognitive functions, emotional regulation, and overall quality of life. Behavioral psychology focuses on observable behaviors and their antecedents and consequences, while cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as attention, memory, and problem-solving. Health psychology focuses on how psychological factors impact physical health and vice versa.

Question 16

Wernicke's aphasia involves damage to the

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere of the brain. This area is critical for language comprehension and damage to it can affect a person's ability to understand and produce coherent speech.

Question 17

Clinical neuropsychology and ____ both focus on sensations and perceptions and on motor movements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clinical neuropsychology and ____ both focus on...

Question 18

Dr.Jackson,a psychologist,works in a rehabilitation facility that handles patients with injury or disease of the brain and/or spinal cord.His job is to identify and describe the dysfunction that is present,to use statistical procedures to quantify that dysfunction,and to design an appropriate treatment plan for the patient.It is likely that Dr.Jackson is a specialist in

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jackson's work involves identifying dysfunction in patients with injuries or diseases of the brain and/or spinal cord, quantifying that dysfunction using statistical procedures, and designing treatment plans. This aligns with the field of clinical neuropsychology, which focuses on understanding the relationship between the brain and behavior, and diagnosing and treating neurological disorders that affect cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Question 19

The Trail Making Tests evaluates several cognitive skills,including

Accepted Answer

The Trail Making Tests specifically measure attention and sequencing abilities, as well as aspects of thought processing such as mental flexibility and visual scanning. Mood and intelligence are not the main focus of these tests. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it is the only option that includes both attention and sequencing.

Question 20

Dyslexia is an example of a

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a well-known learning disability that affects one's ability to read, write, and spell. It is not a subcortical dementia because it does not result from damage to the brain's subcortical structures. It is also not a speech disorder because it does not primarily affect one's ability to produce speech sounds. Although dyslexia can impact short-term memory to some degree, it is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.

Quiz 17: Testing in Health Psychology and Health Care