Question 1

Which function is NOT one that pertains to the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmission primarily involves the axon and synaptic terminals, not the cell body. Protein synthesis, energy production, and metabolism are all functions that occur in the cell body.

Question 2

Axons and dendrites are involved in:

Accepted Answer

Axons and dendrites are specialized structures of neurons that are involved in communication between neurons. Axons transmit electrical impulses away from the neuron cell body, while dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. This communication is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Question 3

Debbie works as a floor representative at a cell phone company.Her job is to receive information from potential customers about their needs and interests and enter it into a computer system that passes on the information to the appropriate specialized technician in order to meet customer needs.Debbie is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

Accepted Answer

Debbie, as a floor representative, receives information from potential customers, which is analogous to dendrites receiving signals from other neurons in the nervous system. Both dendrites and Debbie pass on this information to the appropriate specialized technician or neuron, respectively, to meet the needs of the customer or complete a cognitive process.

Question 4

Kobe works at a communications firm.His job is to receive information from the executive office and then pass this information down the line to all other offices in the firm.Kobe is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

Accepted Answer

The axon of a neuron is responsible for transmitting information from the cell body to other neurons or cells in the body, similar to how Kobe's role is to pass information down the line to other offices in the firm.

Question 5

In the late 1880s,_____ developed a new way to stain neurons,revealing their structure.

Accepted Answer

Santiago Ramón y Cajal developed a new way to stain neurons using the Golgi method, which allowed for visualization of their structure. This was an important contribution to the field of neuroscience and led to a greater understanding of the organization and function of the brain.

Question 6

The executive office of a company engages in a variety of processes to ensure its survival in a competitive market.The executive office is the metaphorical _____ of the company.

Accepted Answer

The cell body is the main control center of a neuron, receiving signals from its dendrites and sending signals down its axon to other neurons. Similarly, the executive office is the main control center of a company, making decisions and directing the actions of other departments. Therefore, the best choice is B, cell body. The other options (axon, dendrite, and terminal branch) do not fit as well with the metaphor.

Question 7

What are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while axons send signals to other neurons. Both are specialized extensions of the neuron that allow for communication between neurons. Synapses are the gaps between neurons where communication occurs, but they are not a specialized extension of the neuron. Myelin is a fatty substance that covers axons and helps to speed up signal transmission, but it is not a specialized extension of the neuron itself.

Question 8

Which function is NOT one that pertains to glial cells?

Accepted Answer

Glial cells do not transport neurotransmitters across the synapse. This function is performed by neurons.

Question 9

Approximately how many cells are in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

The human brain contains approximately 100 billion cells, also known as neurons.

Question 10

Which component of the neuron houses the chromosomes,the genetic blueprint of an individual?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus of a neuron houses the chromosomes, which contain the genetic blueprint of an individual.

Question 11

Each neuron has only one:

Accepted Answer

Each neuron has only one axon, which is used for transmitting signals to other neurons or to muscles or glands. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and a neuron can have multiple dendrites, while terminal buttons release neurotransmitters to transmit signals to other cells and a neuron can have multiple terminal buttons. Synapses are the spaces between neurons where neurotransmitters transmit signals, but they are not a part of a single neuron. Therefore, the best choice is A - axon.

Question 12

_____ are cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks. Glia cells, oligodendrocytes, and mitochondria also play important roles in the nervous system, but they do not perform information-processing tasks in the same way that neurons do.

Question 13

Debbie works as a floor representative at a cell phone company.Her job is to receive information from potential customers about their needs and interests and enter it into a computer system that passes on the information to the appropriate specialized technician in order to meet customer needs.The computer system is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Debbie works as a floor representative at...

Question 14

Its name derived from the Greek word for "tree," the _____ of a neuron is so called because of its appearance,with several branching processes.

Accepted Answer

The question is referring to the dendrite, which derives its name from the Greek word for "tree" because of its branching appearance. The axon is a different part of the neuron that typically has a single, elongated process. Synapses are the junctions between neurons where neurotransmitters are released. Myelin is a fatty substance that can surround and insulate axons, but it does not have a branching appearance like dendrites.

Question 15

Samantha works at a communications firm.Her job is to receive outside information that is pertinent to the firm and pass it along to executives at the firm.Samantha is the metaphorical _____ of the firm.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive information from other cells or sources and pass it along to the cell body. In this analogy, Samantha is like the dendrite of the communications firm, receiving information and passing it along to the executives (the cell body). This makes choice C the best answer. The other options are not as fitting: the axon sends signals out of the cell, the cell body integrates information and decides what signals to send out, and the nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell function.

Question 16

The myelin sheath is an insulating layer of fatty material composed of:

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath is composed of glial cells, specifically oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 17

There are more _____ than there are neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

While the brain contains billions of neurons, it contains even more glial cells. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for the neurons. There are several types of glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

Question 18

_____ cells are support cells found in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in the nervous system. They play important roles in regulating the environment around neurons, establishing and maintaining connections between neurons, and supporting the overall function of the nervous system. Teratogenic refers to substances that can cause birth defects, mitochondrial refers to organelles that produce energy for the cell, and neural refers specifically to neurons.

Question 19

The largest component of the neuron,which coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive,is the:

Accepted Answer

The cell body, also known as the soma, contains the nucleus and other organelles that are responsible for the basic functioning and survival of the neuron. While the axon and synapse play important roles in transmitting information, they are not as essential for cell survival as the cell body.

Question 20

The _____ receive information;the _____ transmit information.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive information from other neurons and transmit it towards the cell body. Axons, on the other hand, transmit information away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. Therefore, choice C - dendrites receive information and axons transmit information is the correct one.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior