Question 1

Environmental factors that hinder intelligence include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Intergenerational households are not necessarily an environmental factor that hinders intelligence. While living in a multigenerational household may have some impact on access to resources and individual attention, it is not necessarily a harmful environmental factor for intelligence development. On the other hand, poor prenatal care, malnutrition during childhood, and exposure to lead have been shown to have negative impacts on cognitive development and intelligence.

Question 2

For many years,psychologists addressing questions about human differences tended to fall into two camps; those who emphasized the role of genes in human diversity were called empiricists.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Psychologists who emphasized the role of genes in human diversity were called genetic determinists, not empiricists. Empiricists focused more on environmental factors.

Question 3

Family circumstances that can reduce intellectual competence include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Having one or more siblings does not necessarily reduce intellectual competence. In fact, having siblings can provide opportunities for social interaction and cognitive development. However, the other options can contribute to reduced intellectual competence. An absent father, for example, can limit a child's exposure to language and cognitive stimulation. A mother with a history of mental illness may have difficulty providing consistent and nurturing care, which can also negatively impact intellectual development. Limited parental work skills can lead to reduced access to educational resources and opportunities.

Question 4

With the left hand,a person grabs a handful of tomato seeds that vary genetically from a bag and plants the seeds in a pot.With the right hand,this person grabs seeds from the same bag and plants them in a second pot.The first pot has enriched soil and exposure to sunlight,whereas the nutrients in the second pot's soil have been depleted and the pot is placed in a dark corner.When the tomato plants grow:

Accepted Answer

The answer of With the left hand,a person grabs a...

Question 5

A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that:

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates used in supporting genetic explanations of group differences are often based mainly on white samples and may not accurately represent other racial and ethnic groups. This is a significant limitation in the interpretation of these findings.

Question 6

Behavioural-genetic studies have shown that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioural-genetic studies have shown that:
...

Question 7

PKU (phenylketonuria)is a disorder that:

Accepted Answer

PKU is a genetic disorder that prevents the body from breaking down the amino acid phenylalanine, which is found in protein. This can lead to a buildup of phenylalanine in the blood, which can cause developmental problems, including mental retardation, if left untreated. However, if individuals with PKU follow a strict low-phenylalanine diet, they can live relatively normal lives. PKU is not correlated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, nor is it made worse by stressful family circumstances.

Question 8

For many years,psychologists addressing questions about human differences tended to fall into two camps; those who emphasized the role of genes in human diversity were called nativists.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the historical divide among psychologists studying human differences.

Question 9

In regard to heredity and environment,it would be accurate to say that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In regard to heredity and environment,it would...

Question 10

Raw scores on IQ tests have ________ in developed countries for the past several decades.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that raw scores on IQ tests have been consistently rising in developed countries for several decades, a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect." This may be due to improvements in education, nutrition, and technology, among other factors.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a potential problem that could result from routine genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Option D is not a potential problem that could result from routine genetic testing. Instead, it suggests a positive outcome that genetic testing could have for parents of a child with a genetic disorder by providing them with valuable information and potentially giving them a sense of control over their child's health. However, Options A, B, and C are potential problems that could arise from genetic testing, such as genetic discrimination, premature diagnosis or self-fulfilling prophecy, and absolving individual responsibility.

Question 12

Rising IQ scores over the past three decades in developed countries are perhaps the best evidence for:

Accepted Answer

Rising IQ scores over the past three decades in developed countries are best explained by the importance of environmental influences on intelligence. IQ scores have been shown to improve with better education, improved nutrition, and decreased exposure to toxins such as lead. This suggests that changes in the environment, rather than genetic differences, are responsible for the rise in IQ scores.

Question 13

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average IQ gap between severely malnourished...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to biological and genetic factors and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Scores of dizygotic twins are less similar to each other than those of monozygotic twins, which suggests that genetic factors play a role in intelligence.

Question 15

Based on heritability estimates,it is likely that as we age,genetics will account for ________ of the observed individual differences in IQ.

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates for IQ increase with age, indicating that genetics play a greater role as we age. Therefore, as we age, genetics will account for more of the observed individual differences in IQ.

Question 16

Lead can damage the nervous system and lead to lower IQ scores.Research in the United States indicates that the concentration of lead in black children's blood is ________ higher than in white children's blood.

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, the concentration of lead in black children's blood is higher than in white children's blood, and the only answer option which accurately reflects this is A)50%.

Question 17

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

Accepted Answer

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as 20 points. Malnutrition, especially in the critical early years of development, can significantly impair cognitive development and lead to lower IQ scores.

Question 18

Which of the following environmental factors has NOT been shown to be associated with reduced mental ability?

Accepted Answer

Living in rural communities has not been consistently shown to be associated with reduced mental ability. In fact, some studies have suggested that exposure to natural environments in rural areas may have positive effects on mental health and cognitive function. Poor prenatal care, malnutrition, and stressful family circumstances have all been linked to lower cognitive abilities.

Question 19

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average IQ gap between severely malnourished...

Question 20

In order to explain principles of the differences in intelligence between and within groups,the authors described a hypothetical tomato plant experiment.Based on this experiment it would be accurate to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

The tomato plant experiment suggests that the variation within each group is due to genetic differences, but the between-group difference is due to the different care received. This implies that differences between groups can be partly environmental in origin, rather than solely genetic. Therefore, choice A is not accurate. Additionally, the hypothetical experiment did not suggest that heritability differences were 100%, meaning choice B is incorrect. Lastly, the experiment did not suggest that heritability estimates are not valid in regard to variance found within a group, making choice D incorrect.

Quiz 3: Genes,evolution,and Environment

Environmental factors that hinder intelligence include all of the following EXCEPT:

For many years,psychologists addressing questions about human differences tended to fall into two camps; those who emphasized the role of genes in human diversity were called empiricists.

Family circumstances that can reduce intellectual competence include all of the following EXCEPT:

A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that:

Behavioural-genetic studies have shown that:

PKU (phenylketonuria) is a disorder that:

For many years,psychologists addressing questions about human differences tended to fall into two camps; those who emphasized the role of genes in human diversity were called nativists.

In regard to heredity and environment,it would be accurate to say that:

Raw scores on IQ tests have ________ in developed countries for the past several decades.

Which of the following is NOT a potential problem that could result from routine genetic testing?

Rising IQ scores over the past three decades in developed countries are perhaps the best evidence for:

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to biological and genetic factors and intelligence?

Based on heritability estimates,it is likely that as we age,genetics will account for ________ of the observed individual differences in IQ.

Lead can damage the nervous system and lead to lower IQ scores.Research in the United States indicates that the concentration of lead in black children's blood is ________ higher than in white children's blood.

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

Which of the following environmental factors has NOT been shown to be associated with reduced mental ability?

The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:

In order to explain principles of the differences in intelligence between and within groups,the authors described a hypothetical tomato plant experiment.Based on this experiment it would be accurate to conclude that: