Question 1

According to social psychologist Leonard Berkowitz (1993),human beings

Accepted Answer

According to Leonard Berkowitz (1993), human beings seem to have an inborn tendency to aggress against certain provocative stimuli. This suggests that aggression may be an innate trait that is activated by certain stimuli or situations.

Question 2

Deaux & LaFrance (1998)performed cross cultural observational research that addresses levels of aggression in children.Based on the results of their research,which of the following children would be most likely to engage in "nonplayful" pushing,hitting,and shoving on the playground?

Accepted Answer

Deaux & LaFrance (1998) found that boys are more likely than girls to engage in "nonplayful" physical aggression, such as pushing, hitting, and shoving.

Question 3

In a study by Carré and colleagues,men played a computer game against a fictitious opponent.Researchers varied the rewards and costs as well as provocation from the opponent.Results supported the idea that

Accepted Answer

The study by Carré and colleagues found that testosterone levels varied depending on situational factors, such as rewards, costs, and provocation from the opponent. This supports the idea that testosterone levels are responsive to situational factors, rather than being a fixed trait that determines aggression levels.

Question 4

A(n)_______ would be most optimistic about the possibility of reducing human aggression.

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists tend to focus on the social and environmental factors that contribute to aggression, such as poverty, discrimination, and cultural norms. They also study interventions that can be effective in reducing aggression, such as conflict resolution and empathy training. Overall, social psychologists are more likely to be optimistic about the possibility of reducing human aggression through social and environmental changes. The other options (Freudian, Jungian, evolutionary psychology, and sociobiology) tend to have more pessimistic views about the malleability of human aggression, emphasizing factors such as innate biology, unconscious impulses, and evolutionary history.

Question 5

Researchers Wells,Graham,and West have conducted a number of studies on male behaviour in bars,observing both bouncers and patrons.What conclusions have they reached?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers Wells,Graham,and West have conducted a number...

Question 6

Survey research by Richard Nisbett (1993)has revealed that although Southerners in the United States are no more likely than Northerners to endorse aggression in general,

Accepted Answer

The survey research by Richard Nisbett revealed that Southerners are more prone to aggress in response to insults, which suggests a cultural difference in how aggression is justified or interpreted in the North and South. This cultural difference has been attributed to a "culture of honor" in the South, where reputation and status are highly valued and aggression is seen as a legitimate response to threats to one's reputation or status. This cultural difference is not related to the endorsement of instrumental or hostile aggression, or the use of aggression for self-protection. The availability of handguns in the South may contribute to the higher homicide rates, but this is not directly related to the cultural differences in aggression.

Question 7

Billy shows high levels of aggression on the playground,and his mother has attempted to determine the cause of his aggression.She has noted several facts about Billy that she thinks could be contributing to these aggressive displays.Which one of the following demonstrates a chemical cause for his aggression?

Accepted Answer

High levels of testosterone have been linked to increased aggression in both males and females. Billy's high levels of testosterone could therefore be a contributing factor to his aggressive behavior on the playground.

Question 8

In Carré and colleagues' (2010)study of the testosterone levels of men who played a competitive computer game,which men showed an increase in testosterone?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Carré and colleagues' (2010)study of the...

Question 9

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals,it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that aggression is not inevitable and instead may be an optional strategy used by animals. While aggression may have some instinctual basis, it is ultimately a learned behavior that is influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, option C is the most accurate choice. Option A is incorrect because there are some species that are able to suppress aggressive urges. Option B is also incorrect because aggression is not solely instinctive in nonhuman animals. Option D is incorrect because aggression has both instinctual and learned aspects. Option E is incorrect because aggression is not limited to "lower" animals.

Question 10

The area in the core of the brain that is associated with aggressive behaviour is called

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is the area in the core of the brain that is associated with aggressive behaviour. It is responsible for the perception of emotions, including anger and fear, and has been found to be more active in individuals who display aggressive behaviour.

Question 11

_______ is to the neural cause of aggression as _______ is to the chemical cause.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a neural structure that is associated with aggressive behavior, while testosterone is a hormone that has been linked to the chemical causes of aggression.

Question 12

Which piece of evidence would best support the notion that aggressiveness involves a biological component in humans?

Accepted Answer

The fact that boys are consistently more aggressive than girls across different cultures and classes suggests that there may be a biological component to aggressiveness, potentially influenced by hormonal and neurological factors such as testosterone levels.

Question 13

Although aggressiveness has evolved and has been maintained because it has survival value,researchers underscore the point that _______________ also seem to have developed strong inhibitory mechanisms that enable them to suppress aggression when it is in their best interest to do so.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although aggressiveness has evolved and has been...

Question 14

Assume that Kyle grew up in the Southern United States,where a "culture of honor" predominates.Based on research conducted by Richard Nisbett (Nisbett,1993),Kyle would be more likely than a Northerner to behave aggressively when

Accepted Answer

According to Nisbett's research, individuals from a "culture of honor" are more likely to respond aggressively to insults or threats to their reputation.

Question 15

Wells,Graham,and West (1998)suggested that members of a particular Canadian subculture,bouncers who work in bars,were most likely to act in an extremely aggressive manner because

Accepted Answer

Wells, Graham, and West (1998) suggested that bouncers who work in bars may act in an extremely aggressive manner due to perceived threats to their masculinity and authority. This is consistent with the idea that aggression can be a means of defending one's status and assertiveness, particularly in environments where these qualities are highly valued (such as in a bar setting).

Question 16

James Dabbs and his colleagues have found that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men _______,suggesting a _______ contribution to aggression in humans.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men convicted of violent crimes, which suggests a chemical contribution to aggression in humans. None of the other answer choices imply such a direct link between testosterone and aggression.

Question 17

During the seventeenth century,when European fur traders arrived,the Iroquois changed from a peace-loving tribe to fierce enemies of their neighbours,the Hurons.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

The arrival of European fur traders led to economic and social competition among the Iroquois and their neighbors, which elicited aggression in the form of the Iroquois becoming fierce enemies of the Hurons. This implies that aggression can be triggered by external factors, such as competition for resources, rather than just being an innate or inborn trait.

Question 18

Which statement best reflects most social psychologists' beliefs about the nature of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Most social psychologists believe that aggression is the result of both inborn propensities and a particular situational context. While innate factors may play a role in predisposing individuals to aggression, situational factors such as frustration, provocation, and the presence of weapons can increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior. The interaction between these two factors is key to understanding the nature of human aggression.

Question 19

The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and harmony.Formerly peace-loving,the Iroquois became a fierce and aggressive Native American tribe in the seventeenth century.These examples illustrate that

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate the concept that human behavior, including aggression, can be significantly shaped and altered by cultural, social, and environmental factors, indicating that such behaviors are not fixed but can be modified.

Question 20

Stimulation of the amygdala in dominant rhesus monkeys often yields aggression,whereas stimulation of the amygdala in less dominant monkeys may yield either fight or flight,depending on the status of another nearby monkey (Moyer,1976).These results suggest that in nonhuman primates

Accepted Answer

The results suggest that both social (status of other nearby monkey) and biological factors (stimulation of the amygdala) play a role in aggression. This points towards a complex interplay between nature and nurture in the display of aggressive behavior in nonhuman primates.

Quiz 11: Aggression

According to social psychologist Leonard Berkowitz (1993) ,human beings

Deaux & LaFrance (1998) performed cross cultural observational research that addresses levels of aggression in children.Based on the results of their research,which of the following children would be most likely to engage in "nonplayful" pushing,hitting,and shoving on the playground?

In a study by Carré and colleagues,men played a computer game against a fictitious opponent.Researchers varied the rewards and costs as well as provocation from the opponent.Results supported the idea that

A(n) _______ would be most optimistic about the possibility of reducing human aggression.

Researchers Wells,Graham,and West have conducted a number of studies on male behaviour in bars,observing both bouncers and patrons.What conclusions have they reached?

Survey research by Richard Nisbett (1993) has revealed that although Southerners in the United States are no more likely than Northerners to endorse aggression in general,

In Carré and colleagues' (2010) study of the testosterone levels of men who played a competitive computer game,which men showed an increase in testosterone?

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals,it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

The area in the core of the brain that is associated with aggressive behaviour is called

_ is to the neural cause of aggression as _ is to the chemical cause.

Which piece of evidence would best support the notion that aggressiveness involves a biological component in humans?

Although aggressiveness has evolved and has been maintained because it has survival value,researchers underscore the point that _______________ also seem to have developed strong inhibitory mechanisms that enable them to suppress aggression when it is in their best interest to do so.

Assume that Kyle grew up in the Southern United States,where a "culture of honor" predominates.Based on research conducted by Richard Nisbett (Nisbett,1993) ,Kyle would be more likely than a Northerner to behave aggressively when

Wells,Graham,and West (1998) suggested that members of a particular Canadian subculture,bouncers who work in bars,were most likely to act in an extremely aggressive manner because

James Dabbs and his colleagues have found that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men _,suggesting a _ contribution to aggression in humans.

During the seventeenth century,when European fur traders arrived,the Iroquois changed from a peace-loving tribe to fierce enemies of their neighbours,the Hurons.This suggests that

Which statement best reflects most social psychologists' beliefs about the nature of aggression?

The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and harmony.Formerly peace-loving,the Iroquois became a fierce and aggressive Native American tribe in the seventeenth century.These examples illustrate that

Stimulation of the amygdala in dominant rhesus monkeys often yields aggression,whereas stimulation of the amygdala in less dominant monkeys may yield either fight or flight,depending on the status of another nearby monkey (Moyer,1976) .These results suggest that in nonhuman primates