Question 1

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing...

Question 2

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Accepted Answer

The "looking-glass self" theory suggests that individuals form their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. In this case, Catholic women rated themselves more negatively after being reminded of the Pope, reflecting their perception of how the Pope would view their actions.

Question 3

According to research on social comparison,elderly people feel more life satisfaction when

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that elderly people tend to feel more life satisfaction when they engage in downward social comparison, meaning they compare themselves to those who are worse off than they are. This may involve reminding themselves that others are worse off or may involve seeking out individuals who are less physically or mentally able. By doing so, they may feel more gratitude and appreciation for their own lives and circumstances, leading to greater life satisfaction.

Question 4

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _______,and then to _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social psychology research findings,when we...

Question 5

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954)social comparison theory is that people

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory posits that individuals engage in social comparison processes as a means of evaluating their opinions and abilities. Festinger suggested that people have a drive to evaluate their own opinions and abilities, and that social comparison can help them achieve this. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 6

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

Accepted Answer

The looking-glass self theory suggests that we develop our self-concept based on our perception of how we appear to others. This means that we imagine how others see us, and we use their reactions and feedback to shape our sense of self. The term "looking-glass" refers to the idea that we see ourselves reflected in the reactions of others, much like looking into a mirror. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Question 7

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

Accepted Answer

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement, people often rely on social comparison to evaluate how well they performed. Social comparison refers to the tendency to evaluate one's own abilities, achievements, and status by comparing oneself to others. This is a common way people evaluate their performance in situations where there are no clear standards or objective measures.

Question 8

According to Tory Higgins (1987),_______ is to who we are as _______ is to who we think we should be.

Accepted Answer

Tory Higgins' self-discrepancy theory proposes that our self-concept is based on two dimensions: our actual self (who we currently are) and our ideal self (who we aspire to be). Additionally, Higgins suggests that we may also have an "ought self" - who we feel we should be based on our obligations and responsibilities. Therefore, according to Higgins, actual self is to who we are as ought self is to who we think we should be. Choice D is the only option that includes "ought self".

Question 9

Gus went golfing last week and shot a score of 85,the best score he has ever shot after years of playing.At work the next day he tells his close friend Arnie about his achievement.Arnie tells Gus that he also went golfing yesterday and shot a score of 72.According to the research on social comparison processes presented in the text,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gus went golfing last week and shot...

Question 10

Which subjects in Tiggerman & Polivy's (2010)study of the effects of social comparison had the LEAST dissatisfaction with their bodies and LEAST negative mood?

Accepted Answer

Subjects who had compared their intelligence and education with that of a thin model had the least dissatisfaction with their bodies and least negative mood. This is because they were not comparing their physical appearance to that of the model, which can lead to negative body image and mood.

Question 11

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social?

Accepted Answer

Attending to other people's appraisals of us is social because it involves considering the opinions and evaluations of other individuals in determining how we understand ourselves. The other options are more individualistic and do not involve social interactions or input from others.

Question 12

Upward social comparison is to _______ as downward social comparison is to _______.

Accepted Answer

Upward social comparison involves comparing oneself to someone perceived as better, often leading to striving for improvement. Downward social comparison involves comparing oneself to someone perceived as worse, often leading to self-enhancement by feeling better about oneself.

Question 13

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

Accepted Answer

The Social Comparison Theory proposes that we evaluate and learn about ourselves by comparing ourselves to others. We often compare ourselves to people who are similar to us to determine our abilities, attitudes, and opinions. This theory suggests that we evaluate our own worth and abilities based on how we stack up against others in terms of characteristics such as intelligence, attractiveness, and success.

Question 14

In order to gauge whether he had studied long enough for his psychology exam,Markus phoned two of his classmates to ask them how long they had spent reviewing material.Markus is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Markus is engaging in social comparison by comparing his study time to that of his classmates in order to gauge whether he has prepared enough for his exam. Social comparison involves evaluating oneself by comparing oneself to others in similar situations.

Question 15

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mariana wonders whether she has the potential...

Question 16

When we are motivated to be accurate in our self-knowledge,we _______,whereas when we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we _______.

Accepted Answer

When motivated for accuracy, we compare ourselves to similar others for a realistic assessment. When motivated to feel good, we use downward social comparison to boost self-esteem.

Question 17

Joanne Wood,Shelley Taylor,and Rosemary Lichtman (1985)found that in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures,cancer patients engage in

Accepted Answer

The theory of downward social comparison suggests that individuals compare themselves to others who are worse off in order to feel better about their own situation. In the case of cancer patients, they may compare themselves to others who have more advanced or severe cases of cancer in order to feel more optimistic about their own future. Therefore, the best choice for the question is E, downward social comparison.

Question 18

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

Toni is engaging in upward social comparison by comparing her own writing skills to those of successful and accomplished authors like William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor. She is using their work as a standard of excellence to aspire to and improve her own skills. The other options either involve self-evaluation or comparison to others who are less successful.

Question 19

In a study described in the text,Baldwin and his colleagues found that graduate students rated their own work more negatively if they were first exposed to a picture of the scowling face of the program director than if they were first exposed to a picture of a smiling colleague.According to the researchers,this occurred because

Accepted Answer

The picture students were exposed to primed a certain internal audience, influencing how they rated their own work based on the perceived expectations or reactions of the audience represented by the picture.

Question 20

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following circumstances would...

Quiz 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

According to research on social comparison,elderly people feel more life satisfaction when

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _,and then to _.

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory is that people

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

According to Tory Higgins (1987) ,_ is to who we are as _ is to who we think we should be.

Which subjects in Tiggerman & Polivy's (2010) study of the effects of social comparison had the LEAST dissatisfaction with their bodies and LEAST negative mood?

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social?

Upward social comparison is to _ as downward social comparison is to _.

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

In order to gauge whether he had studied long enough for his psychology exam,Markus phoned two of his classmates to ask them how long they had spent reviewing material.Markus is engaging in

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

When we are motivated to be accurate in our self-knowledge,we _,whereas when we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we _.

Joanne Wood,Shelley Taylor,and Rosemary Lichtman (1985) found that in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures,cancer patients engage in

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

Quiz 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

According to research on social comparison,elderly people feel more life satisfaction when

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _______,and then to _______.

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory is that people

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

According to Tory Higgins (1987) ,_______ is to who we are as _______ is to who we think we should be.

Which subjects in Tiggerman & Polivy's (2010) study of the effects of social comparison had the LEAST dissatisfaction with their bodies and LEAST negative mood?

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social?

Upward social comparison is to _______ as downward social comparison is to _______.

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

In order to gauge whether he had studied long enough for his psychology exam,Markus phoned two of his classmates to ask them how long they had spent reviewing material.Markus is engaging in

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

When we are motivated to be accurate in our self-knowledge,we _______,whereas when we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we _______.

Joanne Wood,Shelley Taylor,and Rosemary Lichtman (1985) found that in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures,cancer patients engage in

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _,and then to _.

According to Tory Higgins (1987) ,_ is to who we are as _ is to who we think we should be.

Upward social comparison is to _ as downward social comparison is to _.

When we are motivated to be accurate in our self-knowledge,we _,whereas when we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we _.