Question 1

The 1994 riot at the Prison for Women in Kingston is an example of which type of crowd behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The 1994 riot at the Prison for Women in Kingston is an example of acting crowd behavior, which involves a group of people engaging in violent or aggressive actions, often driven by a specific goal or emotion.

Question 2

Candace is writing about social movements from a social constructionist perspective.Which of the following statements best exemplifies her views?

Accepted Answer

A social constructionist perspective emphasizes that social phenomena, including social movements, are not objectively real but are instead created and defined through interactions and language. Therefore, social movements can be considered symbolically defined rather than having inherent qualities or characteristics.

Question 3

What theory is best suited to explore the impact of the amount of financial support,building space,and labour power the environmental movement has?

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization theory is best suited to explore the impact of the amount of financial support, building space, and labor power of the environmental movement. This theory focuses on how social movements use available resources to achieve their goals and objectives. Therefore, it would be useful to analyze how environmental organizations mobilize resources to achieve their goals, such as lobbying for policy changes, public education campaigns, or direct action initiatives. This theory also emphasizes the importance of organizing and coordinating resources to effectively achieve social change.

Question 4

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the study of fashion?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists have not neglected the systematic study of fashion; in fact, it has been a significant area of study within sociology, exploring how fashion influences and reflects social norms, class distinctions, and cultural identities.

Question 5

What tends to dissipate relatively quickly once a target has been injured,killed,or destroyed?

Accepted Answer

Mob violence tends to dissipate relatively quickly once the target of the violence has been injured, killed, or destroyed, as the collective focus or reason for the aggression has been removed or satisfied.

Question 6

People waiting at a station to get on the subway exemplify which of the following?

Accepted Answer

People waiting at a station to get on the subway are not likely to be unified by any specific emotion or action, so they would not be considered a conventional, expressive, or acting crowd. Instead, they are likely a casual crowd - simply a group of individuals in the same space at the same time without a clear common purpose.

Question 7

What is the main difference between fads and fashion?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between fads and fashion is that fashions tend to be longer lasting and more widespread than fads. Fads are short-lived and highly popular for a brief period of time among a narrowly defined group, while fashion is more enduring and has a wider appeal. Fashions are more likely to be adopted by people of different social classes and demographic backgrounds.

Question 8

After budget cuts from the provincial government,a university in Canada announced that the swimming pool would be closed.Students,members of the fitness centre,and concerned community members mobilized and ultimately were able to get the president to stall a decision on the closure for one year.What was the pool closure in this instance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After budget cuts from the provincial government,a...

Question 9

What do the Occupy movement and the Egyptian democracy demonstrations have in common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do the Occupy movement and the...

Question 10

Anti-feminist backlash groups that are organized to oppose employment equity or domestic partnership initiatives are examples of what kind of movement?

Accepted Answer

Anti-feminist backlash groups organized to oppose certain initiatives are resisting the progress of the feminist movement. Therefore, the movement being described is an example of a resistance movement.

Question 11

Which theorist was responsible for the development of contagion theory?

Accepted Answer

Gustave Le Bon is recognized as the founder of contagion theory, which suggests that crowds are irrational and emotional due to an uncontrollable 'contagious' nature that spreads among its members.

Question 12

What did Lofland (1993)discover in his study of collective behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Lofland (1993) discovered that fear, hostility, and joy are fundamental emotions found in collective behaviour, as opposed to any of the other options presented.

Question 13

Which statement best reflects Georg Simmel's view of fashion as a means of status differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Georg Simmel argues that fashion is a means of status differentiation because it allows members of the upper class to distinguish themselves from the lower classes by creating and wearing new styles. However, members of the lower classes often cannot afford these new styles, so they attempt to emulate them but end up altering them in some way. This results in the original style being watered down or vulgarized, and members of the upper class no longer recognize it as their own.

Question 14

Which term refers to attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers?

Accepted Answer

Public opinion refers to the attitudes, beliefs, and views held by ordinary citizens on various issues and topics that are communicated to decision-makers, such as elected officials and policymakers. It plays a critical role in shaping public policy and influencing governance decisions. Fads and fashion are short-term trends, while rumors are unverified information or stories that circulate among people.

Question 15

After untimely celebrity deaths (such as the deaths of Corey Haim,Brittany Murphy,and Gary Coleman),rumours tend to circulate about their lives and the circumstances of their death.What term did Charles Horton Cooley give for this?

Accepted Answer

Charles Horton Cooley referred to such phenomena as "gossip," emphasizing the role of informal communication in shaping public perceptions and narratives about individuals, including celebrities.

Question 16

The belief that a disproportionate number of hazardous facilities,such as chemical plants,are placed in low-income areas populated primarily by visible minorities is referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

Environmental racism is the belief that vulnerable or marginalized communities, such as low-income areas predominantly inhabited by minorities, are disproportionately burdened by environmental hazards such as pollution, industrial waste, and toxins because of systematic discrimination within political, social, and economic structures.

Question 17

The celibacy club chapter at a local junior high school might be connected to a larger abstinence movement.This is an example of which of the following movements?

Accepted Answer

The celibacy club is an example of an alternative movement, which seeks to change individual behaviors and lifestyles rather than broader societal structures.

Question 18

Who developed value-added theory?

Accepted Answer

Value-added theory was developed by Neil Smelser, a sociologist who studied social change and modernization.

Question 19

According to Neil Smelser,when a society or community is unable to meet people's expectations that something should be done about a problem,a social movement may develop.How does he refer to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Neil Smelser refers to this condition as "structural strain". This refers to the disconnect between the expectations of individuals or groups and the capacity of society or the community to fulfill those expectations. When this strain becomes severe enough, it can lead to the development of a social movement as individuals or groups mobilize to address the issue.

Question 20

How would a sociologist define relatively spontaneous,unstructured activity that typically violates established social norms?

Accepted Answer

Collective behavior refers to relatively spontaneous, unstructured activity that typically violates established social norms. This includes riots, protests, and other forms of group action that may occur without a formal organizational structure. Grassroots activism, organizational behavior, and institutional behavior all typically involve more structured and deliberate efforts to achieve social or political goals.

Quiz 21: Social Movements and Collective Behavior