Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a policy change suggested by the United Nations to help low-income countries improve their economic situation?

Accepted Answer

The United Nations suggests investing in basic education and health, helping improve the productivity of small farmers, and promoting gender equality between men and women as policy changes to help low-income countries improve their economic situation. However, delaying road construction in favour of establishing communication systems is not a policy change suggested by the UN.

Question 2

If you were to use standard definitions of inequality to compare two countries,which of the following measures would you evaluate?

Accepted Answer

Standard definitions of inequality often focus on economic disparities, which are primarily measured through levels of income or economic development.

Question 3

Larissa is analyzing free trade agreements between countries.What perspective is Larissa most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

Larissa is most likely to use the new international division of labour theory because it focuses on the role of free trade agreements in shaping the global economy.

Question 4

Amber concludes that Brazil invests in new industries and embraces the beliefs,values,and social institutions of countries such as Canada and the United States.Which stage of economic development has Brazil attained?

Accepted Answer

Brazil's investment in new industries and the adoption of beliefs, values, and social institutions similar to those of countries like Canada and the United States indicate that it has reached the stage of high mass consumption. This stage is characterized by a shift towards consumer-oriented economies, widespread availability of goods, and a high standard of living.

Question 5

What is one of the conclusions reached in the United Nations Development program's recent report,based on the per capita average national income?

Accepted Answer

The report found that cows and cotton receive substantially more aid than people in high-income countries, indicating that agricultural subsidies may not always align with the needs of the population. The other choices are not mentioned in the given information.

Question 6

Which income category would a country with a Gross National Income (GNI)per capita of $10,000 belong to?

Accepted Answer

A country with a GNI per capita of $10,000 would belong to the upper-middle income category, which is defined by the World Bank as countries with a GNI per capita between $4,046 and $12,535. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 7

A community's citizens are unreliable as workers,are not committed to their employers,and are not invested in their work.According to the modernization theory of global stratification,at what stage of development is this community?

Accepted Answer

According to the modernization theory, in traditional societies, people are more focused on their familial and community roles rather than individualistic pursuits like career and work. They may have limited education or skills and view work as a means of survival rather than personal fulfillment or career advancement. This often results in a lack of commitment and investment in their work and employer, as described in the scenario.

Question 8

France and Germany exert control over world trade and both have high levels of urbanization.As such,which term best characterizes these nations?

Accepted Answer

France and Germany are both considered core nations, which are the most developed and powerful nations that exert control over the global economy and trade. They have high levels of industrialization and urbanization, and are typically located in the northern hemisphere.

Question 9

Where are low-income economies primarily found?

Accepted Answer

Low-income economies are primarily found in Asia and Africa. According to the World Bank, out of the 29 low-income economies in the world in 2020, 20 of them were located in Africa and six were located in Asia. Only one low-income economy was located in Latin America and none were located in North America or Europe.

Question 10

How many people suffer from chronic malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Food Programme, approximately 800 million people suffer from chronic malnutrition. This represents about 10% of the global population.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a critique of modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 12

What countries are characterized by highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial,administrative,and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and per capita income?

Accepted Answer

High-income countries are characterized by highly industrialized economies, advanced technology, and high levels of income.

Question 13

What theory of global stratification would argue that a transnational clothing corporation is likely to have factories in several countries making T-shirts and will open or close locations based on cost?

Accepted Answer

The new international division of labor theory explains how global stratification has shifted towards a division of labor based on location and economies of scale. Transnational corporations will open or close factories in countries with the lowest costs and highest profits, leading to the concentration of manufacturing jobs in less developed countries.

Question 14

According to the text,which option is preferable to deal more effectively with the challenges of foreign aid?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on social services such as health care, nutrition, and education is preferable in dealing more effectively with the challenges of foreign aid. This approach helps to address the root causes of poverty and promote sustainable development, rather than just providing temporary relief. It also empowers people to take control of their own lives and communities, rather than relying on outside assistance.

Question 15

Karl expected to earn $35,000 per year after graduating from university,but his current occupation only pays him $25,000 per year.What is Karl most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Karl is likely experiencing subjective poverty, as it refers to the perception of being poor based on personal expectations or comparisons, rather than absolute income levels. His expectation was $35,000, but he earns $25,000, leading to a feeling of being poorer than anticipated.

Question 16

Production of which kind of commodities most commonly involves establishing manufacturing operations in low-wage countries?

Accepted Answer

Commodities that are labor intensive, such as textiles and electronics, often require a significant amount of manual labor to produce. Setting up manufacturing operations in low-wage countries allows companies to take advantage of lower labor costs and save money on production.

Question 17

Marcus is using modernization theory to explain global inequality.Which statement best exemplifies his views?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theory suggests that low-income nations can achieve self-sustained economic growth by adopting modern technologies and cultural values that emphasize individualism, innovation, and entrepreneurship. This view implies that poor nations do not need to rely on richer nations for economic support, and instead can achieve economic development on their own. Option A is partially correct but does not capture the core of modernization theory. Option B is not supported by modernization theory, which emphasizes the need for cultural change and technological innovation, not simply a good combination of capital and labour. Option D is partially correct but does not capture the optimistic view of modernization theory that low-income nations can achieve economic growth.

Question 18

According to world systems theory,what kind of nation is often characterized by uneven patterns of urbanization?

Accepted Answer

According to world systems theory, peripheral nations often experience uneven patterns of urbanization, meaning that some cities develop rapidly while others remain underdeveloped. This is due to their positioning in the global economic system, being dependent on core nations for resources and investment. Core nations, on the other hand, have more even patterns of urbanization, with a higher level of development across their cities.

Question 19

What has happened to the gap between rich and poor countries over the past 50 years?

Accepted Answer

The gap between rich and poor countries has grown substantially over the past 50 years. Despite efforts to reduce global poverty, income inequality has increased due to globalization, unequal distribution of resources, and other factors.

Question 20

Where does Canada rank on the 2014 Human Development Index?

Accepted Answer

Canada was ranked 8th on the 2014 Human Development Index.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity