Question 1

When we feel that our group identity may become indistinguishable from other identities we tend to

Accepted Answer

When we feel that our group identity may become indistinguishable from other identities, we tend to favor policies that would reinforce separation between the two groups to maintain our distinct identity. This is also known as the social identity theory, where people form their identity based on the groups they belong to and strive for positive distinctiveness.

Question 2

Joining and belonging to a group often has a strong positive effect on the status of,and hence the self-esteem of,people who are motivated by ________.

Accepted Answer

People who are motivated by self-enhancement are focused on improving their own personal status and self-esteem. Joining and belonging to a group can provide a sense of social validation and recognition, which can improve their self-esteem. Collective effort (A) may be a motivator for some individuals, but it does not necessarily relate to self-esteem or status. Other-transcendence (B) and self-transcendence (C) are motivators for individuals who are focused on helping others or reaching a higher purpose, and may not be directly related to personal status or self-esteem. Other-enhancement (D) may also be a motivator for some individuals, but it typically refers to actions taken to improve the status or esteem of others, not oneself.

Question 3

Group members who undergo severe initiations in order to join often find they are ___ than members of groups that have an open-membership policy.

Accepted Answer

Group members who undergo severe initiations in order to join often feel like they have sacrificed more for the group, which makes them more committed to the group's goals and values. This is known as the "effort justification" effect. Therefore, they are more committed than members of groups that have an open-membership policy.

Question 4

Members tend to withdraw from a group when ________.

Accepted Answer

Members tend to withdraw from a group when entitativity, or the perception of the group as a cohesive unit, is too low, leading to a lack of connection or belonging.

Question 5

One benefit of group membership is that belonging to a group increases our self-knowledge because group memberships ________.

Accepted Answer

Belonging to a group becomes a part of our self-concept and helps us understand who we are in relation to others, increasing our self-knowledge. The other options may be benefits of group membership, but they do not directly relate to increasing self-knowledge.

Question 6

The effect on our performance that results from the presence of others is ________.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation is the effect on our performance that results from the presence of others, which can enhance or impair our performance depending on the task and the individual's skill level.

Question 7

The Church of England suffered a ________ due to policy changes regarding the ordination of women as priests.

Accepted Answer

A schism refers to a formal split or division in a religious organization, which accurately describes the rift that occurred in the Church of England over the ordination of women as priests.

Question 8

When we are striving to create social change,groups may provide us with ________.

Accepted Answer

Groups can provide social clout, which refers to influence or power within a social context, aiding in creating social change.

Question 9

In an experiment (Aronson and Mills,1959)people read out loud embarrassing material or non-embarrassing material as part of an initiation to get into a desirable group.People who read the embarrassing material were likely to ________.

Accepted Answer

This experiment found that people who read the embarrassing material as part of an initiation to a desirable group were likely to show greater liking for the group when asked later. This is known as the "effort justification" phenomenon, where people justify the effort they put into something by convincing themselves that it was worthwhile. In this case, the effort was the embarrassment they felt while reading the material, and they justified it by convincing themselves that the group was worth belonging to.

Question 10

George has been asked to join a "secret society" (similar to a small fraternity)at his college.This group's initiation rituals are quite severe and somewhat dangerous.In addition,members tend to identify strongly with the group.If George decides to join,he can expect that ________.

Accepted Answer

The statement "members are very unlikely to leave the group after they have joined" suggests that once George joins the secret society, he is likely to feel a strong sense of loyalty and commitment to the group that will make it difficult for him to leave. This is consistent with the idea that groups with severe initiation rituals and strong group identities are likely to be highly cohesive and stable, with members who remain committed to the group over time.

Question 11

When people work on relatively simple,well-known tasks,an audience ________.

Accepted Answer

When people work on simple or well-known tasks, the presence of an audience tends to improve performance for most people, a phenomenon known as social facilitation.

Question 12

According to recent research by Sani (2005,2009),groups splinter when current members perceive that the group has changed so much that it is no longer the same group they joined and that ________.

Accepted Answer

According to the research, the perception that the group has changed too much and there is no chance of reversing the change is what leads to group splintering. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 13

The choice to withdraw from a group is based in part on the conclusion that other group members ________.

Accepted Answer

The choice to withdraw from a group can be influenced by the realization that other group members can no longer be included within one's self-concept, indicating a misalignment with personal identity or values.

Question 14

One benefit for group members of some groups is that group action can lead to ________ for group members.

Accepted Answer

When group members work together towards a common goal or cause, they may receive better treatment from others as a result of their group membership. This can include benefits such as increased social support, access to resources, and recognition for their contributions.

Question 15

According to social facilitation theories,people's thoughts,feelings,and behaviors can be affected by the(a)________.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others can affect an individual's behavior, thoughts, and feelings. This theory states that people tend to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when in the presence of others. This phenomenon is referred to as the "audience effect" or "social facilitation effect."

Question 16

We may value belonging to a highly selective group because it allows us to

Accepted Answer

Belonging to a highly selective group provides a sense of exclusivity and achievement, which can contribute to a person's self-enhancement and boost their self-esteem.

Question 17

As a result of recognizing shared grievances,members of devalued groups can develop a(n)________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Recognizing shared grievances can lead to the development of a politicized collective identity, where members of the group come together to advocate for better treatment and rights. This process of politicization can help to address the issues faced by the group and promote positive change.

Question 18

Part of what makes a group entitative is the similar philosophical and political values,i.e. ,________,of its members.

Accepted Answer

Ideology refers to a set of beliefs and principles that guide an individual or group's actions and decisions. This shared set of values and beliefs is a key factor in creating a cohesive group identity, or what makes the group entitative. Norms and traditions may also contribute to a group's identity, but they are more specific to behaviors and customs rather than overarching beliefs and values. Social and personal identity are also important aspects of group identity, but they are more individual-focused rather than collective.

Question 19

When provided with the opportunity to join one of many groups we are most likely to choose the group that

Accepted Answer

When choosing a group to join, it is important to consider whether the group's goals match our own goal orientation. This will ensure that we are motivated to actively participate and contribute to the group's success. Cohesiveness is also important but is not sufficient on its own to ensure a successful group outcome. Groupthink, procedural (but not distributive) justice, and discouraging self-enhancement are all factors that can negatively impact group dynamics and outcomes.

Question 20

One of the costs of group membership is ________.

Accepted Answer

Group membership often requires individuals to conform to group norms and rules, which can limit their personal freedom.

Quiz 11: Groups and Individuals: the Consequences of Belonging

When we feel that our group identity may become indistinguishable from other identities we tend to

Joining and belonging to a group often has a strong positive effect on the status of,and hence the self-esteem of,people who are motivated by ________.

Group members who undergo severe initiations in order to join often find they are ___ than members of groups that have an open-membership policy.

Members tend to withdraw from a group when ________.

One benefit of group membership is that belonging to a group increases our self-knowledge because group memberships ________.

The effect on our performance that results from the presence of others is ________.

The Church of England suffered a ________ due to policy changes regarding the ordination of women as priests.

When we are striving to create social change,groups may provide us with ________.

In an experiment (Aronson and Mills,1959) people read out loud embarrassing material or non-embarrassing material as part of an initiation to get into a desirable group.People who read the embarrassing material were likely to ________.

George has been asked to join a "secret society" (similar to a small fraternity) at his college.This group's initiation rituals are quite severe and somewhat dangerous.In addition,members tend to identify strongly with the group.If George decides to join,he can expect that ________.

When people work on relatively simple,well-known tasks,an audience ________.

According to recent research by Sani (2005,2009) ,groups splinter when current members perceive that the group has changed so much that it is no longer the same group they joined and that ________.

The choice to withdraw from a group is based in part on the conclusion that other group members ________.

One benefit for group members of some groups is that group action can lead to ________ for group members.

According to social facilitation theories,people's thoughts,feelings,and behaviors can be affected by the(a) ________.

We may value belonging to a highly selective group because it allows us to

As a result of recognizing shared grievances,members of devalued groups can develop a(n) and .

Part of what makes a group entitative is the similar philosophical and political values,i.e. ,________,of its members.

When provided with the opportunity to join one of many groups we are most likely to choose the group that

One of the costs of group membership is ________.

Quiz 11: Groups and Individuals: the Consequences of Belonging

When we feel that our group identity may become indistinguishable from other identities we tend to

Joining and belonging to a group often has a strong positive effect on the status of,and hence the self-esteem of,people who are motivated by ________.

Group members who undergo severe initiations in order to join often find they are ___ than members of groups that have an open-membership policy.

Members tend to withdraw from a group when ________.

One benefit of group membership is that belonging to a group increases our self-knowledge because group memberships ________.

The effect on our performance that results from the presence of others is ________.

The Church of England suffered a ________ due to policy changes regarding the ordination of women as priests.

When we are striving to create social change,groups may provide us with ________.

In an experiment (Aronson and Mills,1959) people read out loud embarrassing material or non-embarrassing material as part of an initiation to get into a desirable group.People who read the embarrassing material were likely to ________.

George has been asked to join a "secret society" (similar to a small fraternity) at his college.This group's initiation rituals are quite severe and somewhat dangerous.In addition,members tend to identify strongly with the group.If George decides to join,he can expect that ________.

When people work on relatively simple,well-known tasks,an audience ________.

According to recent research by Sani (2005,2009) ,groups splinter when current members perceive that the group has changed so much that it is no longer the same group they joined and that ________.

The choice to withdraw from a group is based in part on the conclusion that other group members ________.

One benefit for group members of some groups is that group action can lead to ________ for group members.

According to social facilitation theories,people's thoughts,feelings,and behaviors can be affected by the(a) ________.

We may value belonging to a highly selective group because it allows us to

As a result of recognizing shared grievances,members of devalued groups can develop a(n) ________ and ________.

Part of what makes a group entitative is the similar philosophical and political values,i.e. ,________,of its members.

When provided with the opportunity to join one of many groups we are most likely to choose the group that

One of the costs of group membership is ________.

As a result of recognizing shared grievances,members of devalued groups can develop a(n) and .