Question 1

Recent research has shown that,in young adults,1)consistent early nurturing by parents ________ implicit self-esteem;2)overprotective early parental behaviors ________ implicit self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Consistent early nurturing by parents increases implicit self-esteem, while overprotective early parental behaviors reduce it.

Question 2

James,Wendy,Evan,Ethan,and Janet are all college seniors who are planning their senior thesis - a requirement for graduation at their school.Given the following situations,who is most likely to complete the thesis first?

Accepted Answer

Wendy has a role model in her older brother who finished college last year. This may motivate and encourage her to complete her senior thesis first.

Question 3

George believes he is the best basketball player at his school,maybe even in the city.He believes he's also smarter than almost everybody.His self-esteem score is high on both explicit and implicit measures.Nick is new to the school and challenges George to a game of one on one.Nick wins the game by a landslide and taunts George by saying,"I thought you said you could play." Based on research by Baumeister and colleagues,what is George likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Baumeister and colleagues' research suggests that individuals with high self-esteem, when faced with a threat to their self-view (such as losing a game they expected to win), may react aggressively. George's high self-esteem, combined with the public defeat and taunting, makes an aggressive response more likely according to this research.

Question 4

Self-esteem refers to the ________.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the positive or negative evaluation of the self by oneself. It is a subjective evaluation of one's own worth or value as a person. It is not based on the evaluation of others, nor is it a temporary feeling of positive emotion. Self-esteem is also distinct from the desire to be liked by others, although this may influence its development.

Question 5

Henry feels helpless at his job,feels that he cannot control his workday,and feels that he is useless,worthless,and inept.These characteristics would probably mean that Henry has ________.

Accepted Answer

Henry's feelings of helplessness, inability to control his workday, and feelings of worthlessness and ineptitude all suggest that he has low self-esteem, which is a negative evaluation of oneself. This is common in individuals who feel they are not accomplishing their goals or are not living up to their expectations, leading to feelings of helplessness and worthlessness.

Question 6

Researchers most commonly measure implicit self-esteem by _____.

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) is the most commonly used method to measure implicit self-esteem. This test measures how quickly participants associate positive or negative words with themselves, which indirectly reflects their feelings towards themselves.

Question 7

A study of chronic dieters found that making an initial tempting food item available caused them to ________ a second appealing dish.

Accepted Answer

The study found that when an initial tempting food item was made available, chronic dieters tended to eat more of a second appealing dish. This suggests that the availability of the first item may have increased their overall desire to eat, leading them to consume more of the second item.

Question 8

Research indicates that self-esteem can be altered by ________.For these procedures to work,the individual ________ of the procedures.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning can alter self-esteem, and the individual may be either aware or unaware of the procedures.

Question 9

In Ross and Wilson's interesting experiments,participants who perceived a past self as ________ were likely to be more critical of ________ than when they perceived their past self as ________.

Accepted Answer

Ross and Wilson's experiments found that participants who perceived a past self as more recent were more critical of past mistakes than when they perceived their past self as further in the past. This suggests that the temporal distance from past selves influences how individuals evaluate their past actions.

Question 10

Research indicates that if we think about our future possible selves we can be inspired to

Accepted Answer

Research shows that thinking about our future possible selves can motivate us to make decisions that benefit our long-term goals and forego activities that do not align with those goals. This is because envisioning our future selves makes our goals more salient and tangible, and encourages us to strive towards achieving them.

Question 11

Individuals who have high self-esteem and could be described as showing instability may exhibit

Accepted Answer

Individuals with high self-esteem tend to have a strong emotional attachment to their self-concept. Therefore, if their self-esteem is threatened, they may respond with hostility and defensiveness to protect their positive self-image. This reaction is also known as the "defensive high self-esteem" phenomenon.

Question 12

Research on self-control has demonstrated that engaging in self-regulation _____.

Accepted Answer

The research on self-control has shown that it's like a muscle, meaning that the more we practice self-control, the easier it becomes to self-regulate. This is because practicing self-control strengthens our neural pathways and makes it easier to control our impulses and emotions in the future.

Question 13

A person's overall attitude towards him- or herself is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem specifically refers to a person's overall attitude or evaluation of themselves, whereas the other options refer to more specific self-related concepts. Self-efficacy relates to a person's belief in their ability to accomplish a specific task or goal. Self-monitoring refers to a person's tendency to be aware of and adjust their behavior in different social situations. The self-reference effect refers to the phenomenon where we are better able to remember information when it is related to ourselves. Self-adjudication is not a recognized psychological term.

Question 14

Whenever Mike enters his family's den where the sports trophies that he has won are on the mantle,his self-esteem is temporarily boosted.This is best described as caused by the fact that ________.

Accepted Answer

Mike's temporary boost in self-esteem upon seeing his sports trophies suggests that his self-esteem is responsive to life events, such as achievements and successes.

Question 15

According to research,high self-esteem is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that high self-esteem is positively associated with generosity and other positive behaviors, such as empathy and pro-social behavior. However, high self-esteem has been found to be associated with negative behaviors, such as narcissism, aggression, bullying, and exhibitionism.

Question 16

Sofia admires and respects her psychology professor.She is considering becoming a psychologist herself.Should her professor become a role model for her,Sofia may become a psychologist herself if she ________.

Accepted Answer

Sofia admires and respects her psychology professor, which implies that she sees being a psychologist as a desirable profession. If she also sees it as an achievable potential self, then she is more likely to pursue it. Overcoming fear of failure may also be necessary but it is not sufficient for her to become a psychologist. Seeing it as an unachievable potential self, distracting herself, or seeing it as an undesirable potential self would not motivate Sofia to pursue a career in psychology.

Question 17

An individual's view of the self may ________ to the extent that a reported high self-esteem level implies superiority to others.

Accepted Answer

A high level of self-esteem that implies superiority to others may lead to a defensive attitude where the individual feels the need to frequently defend their view of self.

Question 18

Positive self-talk such as "I am a lovable person" tends to ___.

Accepted Answer

Positive self-talk can sometimes backfire for individuals with low self-esteem, as it may feel inauthentic or highlight the gap between their current self-view and the positive affirmation, potentially decreasing happiness.

Question 19

Recent research (Dijksterhuis,2004)has shown that subliminal presentations of "I" or "me" with positive trait terms such as "nice" or "smart" will ________ implicit self-esteem and prevent ________ when negative false feedback is given later.

Accepted Answer

According to the research mentioned, subliminal presentations of "I" or "me" with positive trait terms increases implicit self-esteem and prevents reductions to self-esteem when negative false feedback is given later. Therefore, the best choice is D, which states that presenting positive trait terms with references to self will increase self-esteem and prevent reductions to self-esteem.

Question 20

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

Accepted Answer

People with low self-esteem have negative self-beliefs and tend to be highly critical of themselves. When they receive negative feedback, it reinforces these beliefs and can lead to a further drop in self-esteem.

Quiz 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

Recent research has shown that,in young adults,1) consistent early nurturing by parents implicit self-esteem;2) overprotective early parental behaviors implicit self-esteem.

James,Wendy,Evan,Ethan,and Janet are all college seniors who are planning their senior thesis - a requirement for graduation at their school.Given the following situations,who is most likely to complete the thesis first?

Self-esteem refers to the ________.

Henry feels helpless at his job,feels that he cannot control his workday,and feels that he is useless,worthless,and inept.These characteristics would probably mean that Henry has ________.

Researchers most commonly measure implicit self-esteem by _____.

A study of chronic dieters found that making an initial tempting food item available caused them to ________ a second appealing dish.

Research indicates that self-esteem can be altered by .For these procedures to work,the individual of the procedures.

In Ross and Wilson's interesting experiments,participants who perceived a past self as were likely to be more critical of than when they perceived their past self as .

Research indicates that if we think about our future possible selves we can be inspired to

Individuals who have high self-esteem and could be described as showing instability may exhibit

Research on self-control has demonstrated that engaging in self-regulation _____.

A person's overall attitude towards him- or herself is known as ________.

Whenever Mike enters his family's den where the sports trophies that he has won are on the mantle,his self-esteem is temporarily boosted.This is best described as caused by the fact that ________.

According to research,high self-esteem is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

Sofia admires and respects her psychology professor.She is considering becoming a psychologist herself.Should her professor become a role model for her,Sofia may become a psychologist herself if she ________.

An individual's view of the self may ________ to the extent that a reported high self-esteem level implies superiority to others.

Positive self-talk such as "I am a lovable person" tends to ___.

Recent research (Dijksterhuis,2004) has shown that subliminal presentations of "I" or "me" with positive trait terms such as "nice" or "smart" will implicit self-esteem and prevent when negative false feedback is given later.

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

Quiz 4: The Self: Answering the Question: Who Am I

Recent research has shown that,in young adults,1) consistent early nurturing by parents ________ implicit self-esteem;2) overprotective early parental behaviors ________ implicit self-esteem.

James,Wendy,Evan,Ethan,and Janet are all college seniors who are planning their senior thesis - a requirement for graduation at their school.Given the following situations,who is most likely to complete the thesis first?

Self-esteem refers to the ________.

Henry feels helpless at his job,feels that he cannot control his workday,and feels that he is useless,worthless,and inept.These characteristics would probably mean that Henry has ________.

Researchers most commonly measure implicit self-esteem by _____.

A study of chronic dieters found that making an initial tempting food item available caused them to ________ a second appealing dish.

Research indicates that self-esteem can be altered by ________.For these procedures to work,the individual ________ of the procedures.

In Ross and Wilson's interesting experiments,participants who perceived a past self as ________ were likely to be more critical of ________ than when they perceived their past self as ________.

Research indicates that if we think about our future possible selves we can be inspired to

Individuals who have high self-esteem and could be described as showing instability may exhibit

Research on self-control has demonstrated that engaging in self-regulation _____.

A person's overall attitude towards him- or herself is known as ________.

Whenever Mike enters his family's den where the sports trophies that he has won are on the mantle,his self-esteem is temporarily boosted.This is best described as caused by the fact that ________.

According to research,high self-esteem is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

Sofia admires and respects her psychology professor.She is considering becoming a psychologist herself.Should her professor become a role model for her,Sofia may become a psychologist herself if she ________.

An individual's view of the self may ________ to the extent that a reported high self-esteem level implies superiority to others.

Positive self-talk such as "I am a lovable person" tends to ___.

Recent research (Dijksterhuis,2004) has shown that subliminal presentations of "I" or "me" with positive trait terms such as "nice" or "smart" will ________ implicit self-esteem and prevent ________ when negative false feedback is given later.

When people with low self-esteem receive negative feedback their self-esteem ____.

Recent research has shown that,in young adults,1) consistent early nurturing by parents implicit self-esteem;2) overprotective early parental behaviors implicit self-esteem.

Research indicates that self-esteem can be altered by .For these procedures to work,the individual of the procedures.

In Ross and Wilson's interesting experiments,participants who perceived a past self as were likely to be more critical of than when they perceived their past self as .

Recent research (Dijksterhuis,2004) has shown that subliminal presentations of "I" or "me" with positive trait terms such as "nice" or "smart" will implicit self-esteem and prevent when negative false feedback is given later.