Question 1

Which statement BEST describes the attribution process?

Accepted Answer

The attribution process refers to the process of trying to understand the causes of behavior, both in ourselves and in others. Option A accurately describes this process. Options B, C, D, and E do not fully capture the meaning of the attribution process.

Question 2

Jerome is playing poker with his buddies and is losing badly.It seems that everyone at the table knows when he is bluffing,just by watching his eyes.Jerome needs to learn to monitor his ________ and his ________ when he plays poker.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jerome is playing poker with his buddies...

Question 3

Typically,information about others tends to be most informative when there is (are)________.

Accepted Answer

When there is only one distinct reason supporting the occurrence of information, it is easier to attribute the information to that specific reason, making it more informative and clear.

Question 4

The process by which individuals seek to understand why others behave as they do is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Attribution refers to the process of understanding and explaining the reasons behind other people's behaviors. It involves analyzing the internal or external factors that may have caused someone to behave in a certain way.

Question 5

One reason for the correspondence bias is that we tend to ________.

Accepted Answer

The correspondence bias, also known as the fundamental attribution error, refers to our tendency to attribute others' behavior to their internal characteristics rather than the external situation they are in. This means we focus on the individual and their behavior, rather than considering the situational factors that may also be influencing their actions.

Question 6

Participants in an experiment who were exposed to someone who lies in an interview were ________ to ________ in a later conversation.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to dishonest behavior can increase the likelihood of individuals engaging in similar behavior, as they may perceive it as more acceptable or normative.

Question 7

Jen and all of her friends are afraid of her neighbor's dog.However,Jen is not afraid of any other dog.The attribution that follows from this information is ________.

Accepted Answer

The attribution is external because the fear is specifically directed towards the neighbor's dog, indicating the cause of the fear is external to Jen and her friends, and not due to an internal characteristic of Jen.

Question 8

Jackie took longer to reply to certain questions and the pitch of her voice rose considerably;these aspects of her ________ gave away that that she was lying.

Accepted Answer

Jackie's "linguistic style" refers to the way she uses language, including the pitch of her voice and the time taken to respond, which can indicate deception.

Question 9

Noncommon effects ________.

Accepted Answer

Noncommon effects are those that can be attributed to a single specific factor, making them distinct and identifiable from other potential causes.

Question 10

Miller and Maner (2010)had men smell t-shirts worn by women and found that

Accepted Answer

The study found that men's testosterone levels went up after smelling shirts worn by ovulating women, indicating that there may be a biological response to the scent of fertile women.

Question 11

The theory of correspondent inference suggests that ________.

Accepted Answer

The theory of correspondent inference suggests that behaviors that are freely chosen are better indicators of our underlying personality traits than are behaviors that are caused by external factors. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 12

Mr.Nguyen,a 53-year-old accountant,has just been rejected for a job at a small bank that he believes he was qualified for.He later hears from a friend that the hiring manager was biased against older job applicants.Mr.Nguyen's self-esteem is likely to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr.Nguyen,a 53-year-old accountant,has just been rejected for...

Question 13

The theory of ________ describes how we use others' behavior as a basis for inferring their stable dispositions.

Accepted Answer

The theory of correspondent inference suggests that we use others' behavior as a basis for inferring their stable dispositions when the behavior is freely chosen, relevant to the dispositional inference, and a low consensus or distinctive behavior. This theory specifically focuses on how people make causal inferences about others.

Question 14

Although Sarah could afford any car she wants,she drives an ageing Volkswagen.Sam,Sarah's friend,thinks that this choice says something about Sarah's personality.Sam clearly agrees with ________.

Accepted Answer

Sam's observation about the car that Sarah drives being indicative of her personality suggests that he is agreeing with the theory of correspondent inference, which asserts that people tend to make dispositional attributions about others based on their observable behaviors. The other options are not directly applicable to the scenario described.

Question 15

In support of the facial feedback hypothesis,participants in one study reported weaker emotional responses to positive and negative video clips than participants in a control condition.What methodology was used to draw this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The methodology used in this study was to inject participants with Botox or Restylane, which paralyzed facial muscles and made it harder for them to express emotions through their facial expressions. By comparing these participants' emotional responses to those of a control group that received a filler injection, which did not affect their facial expressions, the researchers were able to determine that facial feedback plays a role in emotional experiences.

Question 16

We are MOST likely to believe that the behaviors of others are suggestive of their ________ when it is seen to ________.

Accepted Answer

We are most likely to attribute the behaviors of others to their stable traits when those behaviors are seen as socially undesirable. This is because socially undesirable behaviors are often interpreted as reflective of a person's true character, rather than being influenced by external circumstances.

Question 17

Research on the facial feedback hypothesis had individuals either enhance or suppress muscle tension in their facial expressions while imagining positive and negative scenarios.The results indicate that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the facial feedback hypothesis had...

Question 18

Imagine that you see a friend arguing with a sales clerk in a store.You have never seen your friend argue with anyone in public before.Therefore,you think that the clerk did something to cause the argument.The theory that most directly explains how you reached this conclusion is ________.

Accepted Answer

The theory of correspondent inference assumes that people's behavior corresponds to their beliefs, attitudes, and intentions. In this situation, the observer is inferring that their friend's behavior (arguing with the sales clerk) corresponds to the sales clerk doing something to cause the argument, based on the assumption that their friend wouldn't normally act this way in public. This is an example of correspondent inference, as the observer is inferring the cause of the friend's behavior based on the correspondence between the behavior and the situation.

Question 19

The extent to which different people react to a given situation in the same general way is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Consensus refers to the degree to which different people react similarly to the same situation, indicating a common response pattern among individuals.

Question 20

An example of interchannel discrepancy during deception would be ________.

Accepted Answer

Interchannel discrepancies occur when there is a mismatch between different forms of communication, such as facial expressions and body language. In this case, managing facial expressions well while avoiding eye contact is an example of such a discrepancy, suggesting deception.

Quiz 3: Social Perception: Perceiving and Understanding Others