Question 1

What is the number one killer of men and women in the developed world?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease, also known as heart disease, is the number one killer of men and women in the developed world. It includes conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and heart failure.

Question 2

Leading to atherosclerosis,there is a progression of blood vessel disease.Which of the following most accurately describes the progression of the disease?

Accepted Answer

The progression of blood vessel disease leading to atherosclerosis starts with the development of fatty streaks on the inner lining of the blood vessels. These fatty streaks can then develop into plaques, which can further progress to obstructive plaques that block the flow of blood through the affected blood vessel. Therefore, the correct sequence of development is fatty streak development, plaque development, and obstructive plaque formation, which is accurately represented in option E.

Question 3

Which of the following describe atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements describe atherosclerosis, including that it is a hardening of arteries, can begin early in life, begins as a fatty streak in arteries, and often occurs in the coronary arteries or aorta.

Question 4

Why is hypertension a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Select the TWO answers that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is hypertension a risk factor for...

Question 5

How are risk factors for a diseased condition assessed in a population?

Accepted Answer

Statistical analysis of large population samples is the most reliable and valid way to determine correlations between risk factors and a diseased condition. Interviews may be biased and subjective, and choosing a population without risk factors is often impractical or impossible. Case-by-case studies are helpful but may not provide generalizable findings for the population as a whole.

Question 6

Why was the clinical investigation of children and young adults so important in our understanding of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

The clinical investigation of children and young adults is important in understanding cardiovascular disease because the diseased condition begins years before any obvious symptoms begin, much of the research is focused on treatment rather than prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and behavior and exposure as a youth can cause damage to the vascular system that will end in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, all of the answer options are correct.

Question 7

Why is it that healthy lifestyle choices may not be enough to avoid cardiovascular disease risk factors?

Accepted Answer

While making healthy lifestyle choices can certainly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, individuals may also have genetic predispositions to these risk factors, which cannot be changed through lifestyle choices. Additionally, a family history of cardiovascular disease can also increase an individual's risk, despite maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is important to not only focus on making healthy lifestyle choices, but also to monitor and manage any underlying genetic or familial risk factors.

Question 8

Based on the results of Dr.Berenson's heart disease study,what is the primary focus going forward?

Accepted Answer

The primary focus going forward is to teach prevention measures in elementary schools, as early education on heart health can help prevent the development of heart disease from a young age.

Question 9

Why is obesity a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease because it can lead to hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and overwork the heart, all of which increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

You are doing a study that finds a region in the United States with a higher percentage of heart attacks than the surrounding regions.Which of the following would you expect to be indicative of the population in this region?

Accepted Answer

Each of the provided options (A, B, and C) could contribute to a higher percentage of heart attacks in a region. Limited access to exercise, diets high in cholesterol, and genetic predispositions to high cholesterol levels are all risk factors for heart disease.

Question 11

Some foods raise the cholesterol in the blood associated with development of atherosclerosis (LDL).Which foods below would be good replacements so that HDL levels would be raised?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil is a monounsaturated fat which can increase HDL levels and reduce LDL levels when substituted for saturated and trans fats in the diet.

Question 12

Cholesterol in the blood must be carried by LDL or HDL because of what property?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is a hydrophobic lipid, meaning it does not dissolve in water. Therefore, it must be carried by lipoproteins such as LDL or HDL, which are able to transport hydrophobic molecules through the bloodstream.

Question 13

A behavior or exposure that increases your chance of developing a specific disease or condition is called what?

Accepted Answer

A risk factor is a behavior, exposure or characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a specific disease or condition. Plaques are abnormal clumps of protein that can form in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. Statistics are numerical data collected to analyze specific phenomena, but they do not necessarily indicate causes or risk factors for diseases. Significant findings are research results that show a strong correlation between a risk factor and a specific disease. Disease probability refers to an individual's likelihood of developing a specific disease based on several risk factors.

Question 14

Which are risk factors for the development of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed factors are known risk factors for hypertension. Genetic predisposition and race can increase the likelihood of developing hypertension. Low physical activity and obesity can also contribute to hypertension. Alcohol consumption and stress can also increase blood pressure and contribute to the development of hypertension.

Question 15

What did researchers discover about the correlation between risk factors and fatty streaks in the aorta and coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Researchers discovered that fatty streaks in the aorta and coronary arteries increase in number with an increasing number of risk factors for an individual.

Question 16

What cultural differences and/or changes in our society can lead to an increase in BMI (body mass index)and a corresponding increase in cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

All of the answers are correct and contribute to an increase in BMI and cardiovascular disease. A decrease in physical activity due to technological distractions like TV, larger portion sizes and calorie consumption, diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats in certain regional diets, and limited physical activity in certain climates are all contributing factors to an increase in BMI and cardiovascular disease.

Question 17

Heart attacks and strokes both are results of which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Heart attacks and strokes can result from atherosclerosis, plaque formation, and obstructed blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to reduced or blocked blood flow. This obstruction is a direct cause of heart attacks and strokes, making all the options correct.

Question 18

High cholesterol is a result of eating too many foods with _______________.

Accepted Answer

High cholesterol is primarily caused by consuming foods high in saturated fat. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, can actually help lower cholesterol levels when consumed in moderation. High sugar and high carbohydrate content may contribute to other health issues, but are not directly linked to elevated cholesterol levels.

Question 19

Which of the following have a mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

Both fish and sea squirt have a mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. In fish, the heart has a single ventricle which pumps blood that is partially oxygenated and partially deoxygenated, leading to a mixing of the two in the circulatory system. The sea squirt has a heart with two chambers, one of which receives oxygenated blood and the other receives deoxygenated blood, causing a mixing of the two. Frogs have a three-chambered heart with partial mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, while there is no mixing in mammals and birds due to their four-chambered hearts.

Quiz 28: Cardiovascular System