Question 1

Sensory memory normally holds visual images for a fraction of a second and sounds for about__________

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory holds visual images for a fraction of a second and sounds for about 2 seconds.

Question 2

The first step in the memory process is _____________ information in a form that the memory system can use.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of transforming incoming information into a form that can be stored and used by the memory system.

Question 3

You are out for a drive with the family and are lucky enough to get a window seat. The rapidly passing scenery you see out the window is first stored in ____________

Accepted Answer

The rapidly passing scenery is first processed by the sensory memory, which holds sensory information for a very brief period (usually less than a second). Working memory is involved in processing and manipulating information in the present moment, while short-term memory is responsible for temporarily holding information that may be needed again in the near future. Long-term memory is used for storing information over longer periods of time.

Question 4

________ involves transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Accepted Answer

Encoding involves processing information and transforming it into a form that can be stored in memory. This can include converting information into a particular sensory format, such as visual or auditory.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the three processes in memory?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation is a process involved in the stabilization of a memory trace after the initial acquisition. Memory involves three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Question 6

_____________ is retention of memory for some period of time.

Accepted Answer

Storage refers to the process of retaining or maintaining information in memory for some period of time. Encoding is the process of taking in new information and transforming it into a form that can be stored in memory. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information from memory. Evaluation refers to the process of making judgments or assessments about information.

Question 7

Which theoryl of memory is most similar in conceptualization to the way computers function?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing model proposes that human memory works similarly to a computer, with information being inputted, stored, and retrieved through a series of processes like encoding, storage, and retrieval. This model suggests that memory can be improved through the use of specific strategies, like repetition and organization, similar to how a computer can be programmed to perform more effectively.

Question 8

Believers in the information-processing theory of memory are likely to agree that ____________

Accepted Answer

Believers in the information-processing theory of memory see the brain as a complex information processing system, similar to a computer. Therefore, studying computers can give insights into human information processing. The theory also involves the idea of information flowing from one memory system to the next, so option D could also potentially be correct, but it is not as directly related to the theory as option B. Option A is incorrect as the theory directly compares the brain to a computer, and option C is incorrect as the sensory register is typically described as lasting only a fraction of a second.

Question 9

The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of the ____________ model of memory.

Accepted Answer

The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are part of the information processing model of memory, which posits that memory works like a computer, with information being processed through different stages.

Question 10

The motion we see when we watch a "motion picture" is actually an illusion. This illusion of motion is aided by__________

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory processing that briefly holds incoming sensory information for a fraction of a second before it is processed further. In the case of a motion picture, sensory memory holds each still image that is shown for a split second before the next image is presented, creating the illusion of motion.

Question 11

________ occurs when information stored in memory is brought to mind.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of accessing or bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored in memory.

Question 12

For encoded information to be stored, some physiological change in the brain must take place. This process is called__________

Accepted Answer

The process described in the sentence is the consolidation of information, which is the physiological change that occurs in the brain to allow for the storage of encoded information.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness. It involves accessing and bringing to mind information that has previously been encoded and stored in the brain.

Question 14

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!). Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth, but time is up. As Janie is walking down the stairs, all of a sudden, she remembers the fifth point, but it is too late. Janie had a problem with _____________

Accepted Answer

Janie had trouble retrieving the fifth point despite knowing it was stored in her memory.

Question 15

During the bank robbery, Edna kept reminding herself that she needed to try to remember what the two criminals looked like. This process of memory was__________

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored and retrieved later. In this scenario, Edna is actively paying attention to the appearance of the bank robbers in order to encode their visual features into her memory. Storage refers to the retention of encoded information over time, consolidation refers to the process of stabilizing and integrating memories over time, and retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information at a later time. While all of these processes are involved in memory, the best choice for the given scenario is encoding.

Question 16

____________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

Accepted Answer

The description provided aligns with the definition of memory, which involves the process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning refer to types of learning, but do not encompass the full process of memory. While memory is a critical component of learning, the two terms are not interchangeable.

Question 17

When people hear a sound, their ears turn the vibrations in the air into neural messages from the auditory nerve, which makes it possible for the brain to interpret the sound. This process is called _____________

Accepted Answer

The process described in the passage is the initial stage of auditory processing, where the vibrations in the air are turned into neural messages. This process is known as encoding.

Question 18

The three parts of the information-processing theory of memory are ___________

Accepted Answer

The three parts of the information-processing theory of memory are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Option B represents the components of classical conditioning, option C represents the stages of the memory process, and option D describes levels of processing in memory. Only option A matches the correct terms for the information-processing theory of memory.

Question 19

Which memory system provides us with a very brief representation of all the stimuli present at a particular moment?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is responsible for providing us with a brief representation of all the stimuli present at a particular moment. It is the very first stage of memory processing and lasts only for a few seconds. Primary memory refers to short-term memory, while long-term memory is responsible for storing information for a longer period.

Question 20

Long ago, during the early days of television, when a television set was turned off it took a while for the last image that was on the screen to fade away. This phenomenon is most like _____________

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is most similar to sensory memory, which is the brief storage of sensory information. When a television set is turned off, the image on the screen lingers in the viewer's sensory memory for a brief period of time. It is not related to working memory, short-term memory, or long-term memory, which are all involved in the storage and retrieval of information over longer periods of time.

Quiz 6: Memory