Question 1

The mainstay of treatment for ADHD is the use of stimulant medication.

Accepted Answer

Stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine (Adderall), is the most common treatment for ADHD. However, non-medication treatments such as therapy, behavior modification, and lifestyle changes may also be used.

Question 2

An important component of CBT for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children involves

Accepted Answer

Systematic and gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking situations is a key element of CBT for children with anxiety disorders. Exposure therapy helps children overcome their fears by gradually exposing them to the things they fear in a safe and controlled environment, allowing them to learn that their fear is not as dangerous as they originally thought. This helps reduce anxiety and improve coping skills in the long term.

Question 3

Externalizing problems are also referred to as disorders of over controlled behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Externalizing problems are actually related to disorders of under controlled behaviour, whereas internalizing problems are related to disorders of over controlled behaviour.

Question 4

Pine's (2007) model of how anxiety develops in young children proposes that anxiety arises as a result of

Accepted Answer

Pine's (2007) model proposes that anxiety arises from fear conditioning, in which a child learns to associate a specific stimulus (such as a loud noise) with a fearful response. This learning can be further reinforced through operant conditioning, in which the child's avoidance of the feared stimulus is rewarded, leading to a continued cycle of anxiety. While observational learning, cognitive distortions, and faulty learning may also contribute to the development of anxiety, Pine's model specifically emphasizes the role of fear conditioning.

Question 5

Inconsistent parenting and maternal smoking are "stressors" that can trigger emergence of ADHD in predisposed individuals.

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent parenting and maternal smoking are environmental risk factors that can trigger emergence of ADHD symptoms in individuals who are genetically predisposed to the condition.

Question 6

Leo Kanner wrote the first text on child psychiatry in 1935.

Accepted Answer

Leo Kanner did indeed write the first text on child psychiatry in 1935, titled "Child Psychiatry".

Question 7

ADHD-I is more common in boys than in girls.

Accepted Answer

ADHD-I, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Inattentive Type, is generally found to be more common in girls than in boys, who are more often diagnosed with the hyperactive or combined types of ADHD.

Question 8

The Coping Cat program for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders is based on __________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

The Coping Cat program is based on cognitive-behavioural therapy, which focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to anxiety.

Question 9

Although a mental health concern, cyber bullying has not been associated with the same adverse mental health outcomes as has face-to-face peer victimization.

Accepted Answer

Cyber bullying has been associated with similar or sometimes even worse mental health outcomes than face-to-face peer victimization.

Question 10

It is generally agreed that the childhood disorders constitute more severe and therefore earlier-emerging forms of their corresponding adult psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Childhood disorders and adult psychological disorders can differ significantly in their manifestations, severity, and outcomes. Some childhood disorders may not directly correlate with adult disorders, and the severity of a disorder in childhood does not necessarily predict its presence or severity in adulthood.

Question 11

Compared to children who are not behaviourally inhibited, an anxious temperament increases the risk of developing one or more anxiety disorders in later life_times.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children with an anxious temperament are at a greater risk of developing one or more anxiety disorders in later life. Specifically, studies have found that the risk is 2 to 4 times greater compared to children who are not behaviourally inhibited. Therefore, choice B (2 to 4) is the best answer.

Question 12

At 5 years of age, Tyra's parents brought her to a psychologist because she would hide from people at school and refuse to take part in new or different activities. She would best be described as

Accepted Answer

The given description of Tyra's behavior fits the characteristics of a behaviorally inhibited child, who exhibits shyness and avoidance in new or unfamiliar situations.

Question 13

The causes of ADHD are relatively well known.

Accepted Answer

While there is much research being conducted on ADHD, the exact causes of this disorder are not yet fully understood. It is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors.

Question 14

The prevalence of mental disorders varies by the sex and age of the child.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the prevalence of mental disorders is influenced by a child's sex and age. For example, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, while girls are more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression. Additionally, certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are typically diagnosed in childhood but may decrease in prevalence as a child grows older.

Question 15

Usually parents' and teachers' reports are considered more important in assessing a child's condition than the child's own report.

Accepted Answer

Parents and teachers have a more objective view of the child's behavior and performance, while children may have a limited perspective or difficulty expressing their own emotions and experiences. Therefore, the reports of parents and teachers are usually given more weight in evaluating a child's condition.

Question 16

With regard to pharmacological treatment of childhood GAD and SAD

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are the only class of medication that has been consistently found to be effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of childhood Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Benzodiazepines are generally not recommended for long-term use in children due to potential dependency and side effects. Tricyclic antidepressants are not the first choice due to their side effect profile.

Question 17

One type of pharmacological treatment that shows some promise in the treatment of SAD and GAD is

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of both SAD and GAD by regulating serotonin levels in the brain. Tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines may also be used, but have more side effects and risks of dependence. Ritalin is a medication used for ADHD and would not be effective in treating anxiety disorders. Anti-anxiolytics is not a specific medication, but rather a category that includes benzodiazepines and other drugs used to treat anxiety.

Question 18

Recognition of child psychopathology began in the early 19th century however the importance of parenting factors was not recognized until the teachings of Anna Freud and Melanie Klein.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. While recognition of child psychopathology did begin in the early 19th century, the importance of parenting factors was recognized by earlier theorists such as Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the role of parental influences on the development of childhood mental disorders. Anna Freud and Melanie Klein contributed to this understanding through their work on child psychoanalysis and theories on the impact of early experiences on mental health.

Question 19

Early psychoanalytic therapy for child psychiatric problems was influenced by the teachings of Sigmund Freud.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early psychoanalytic therapy for child psychiatric problems...

Question 20

Mood disorders are more common in adolescent girls than in adolescent boys.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are more prevalent in adolescent girls than adolescent boys. Studies have suggested that this is due to a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors, including hormonal changes during puberty, differences in coping strategies and emotional expression, and gender-based socialization and expectations.

Quiz 15: Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence