Question 1

Which of the following research methods does not belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

The other three research methods (case study, interview, and survey) all rely on observation or self-reporting to gather data. An experiment, on the other hand, involves manipulating variables and measuring outcomes to test a hypothesis. It is a more controlled method of investigation, and while it may incorporate observation or self-reporting, it also involves other elements such as a control group and random assignment.

Question 2

Maria believes that high doses of caffeine speed up a person's reaction time.In order to test her hunch,she has five friends each drink three 8-ounce cups of coffee and then measures how quickly they are able to push a button when a tone is sounded.What is wrong with Maria's research strategy?

Accepted Answer

There is no control condition, meaning there is no group that has not consumed caffeine. Without a control group, it is impossible to determine if any changes in reaction time are actually due to caffeine consumption or some other factor.

Question 3

A study that compares two groups that differ on the variable under study at the outset of the study is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A study that compares two groups that differ on the variable under study at the outset of the study is called a quasi-experiment. Longitudinal studies observe changes in a group over time, cross-sectional studies compare different groups at one point in time, and retrospective studies examine past events or behaviors.

Question 4

Unlike _____ twins,who develop from a single fertilized egg,_____ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos, while fraternal twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.

Question 5

In an experiment,the factor that may be influenced by the experimental treatment is the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in an experiment is the variable that is being measured and may be influenced by the experimental treatment. The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated in the experiment. The correlational variable refers to variables that are statistically related to each other, but the direction of the relationship cannot be determined. The experimental variable refers to the variable that is being manipulated in an experiment. Therefore, the best choice is B) dependent.

Question 6

A study comparing representative groups of people of various ages on a particular dependent variable is called a:

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study compares representative groups of people of various ages at a single point in time, whereas a longitudinal study follows a single group of people over a period of time. Epidemiological studies are typically concerned with the spread and control of diseases, and field studies generally involve observing a phenomenon in its natural setting.

Question 7

In a quasi-experiment,the ______ group takes the place of a _______ group.

Accepted Answer

In a quasi-experiment, there is no random assignment of participants to groups. Therefore, the researcher cannot create a true control group. Instead, a comparison group is used, which is a group of participants who are similar to the experimental group but did not receive the intervention. The control group, on the other hand, refers to a group that is not receiving any treatment or intervention at all, which is not possible in a quasi-experiment.

Question 8

To study the potential effects of social isolation on blood pressure,some research participants were instructed to solve problems while working together;others solved problems working alone.Those who worked alone were assigned to the:

Accepted Answer

The control group is a group that is used for comparison purposes in an experiment. In this scenario, the participants who work alone are being compared to those who work together in terms of their blood pressure. Therefore, the participants who work alone would be assigned to the control group.

Question 9

Professor House believes that regular exercise boosts academic achievement.To find out,over the course of six months she compares the academic achievement of a group of students who by their own admission get little or no exercise,with that of a second group of students who exercise regularly.This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

This is a quasi-experiment because the researcher did not randomly assign participants to groups and the groups were not equivalent at the start of the study. Rather, the researcher used pre-existing groups based on participants' self-reported exercise habits.

Question 10

When neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which group has received a treatment and which has not,the design is called:

Accepted Answer

In a double-blind study, neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which group has received a treatment and which has not. This eliminates any potential biases or effects from the experimenter or the subjects' expectations, leading to more objective and reliable results. Single-blind studies, on the other hand, only have one of the parties blind to the treatment assignment (usually the subjects), while naturalistic and retrospective designs are different types of observational studies that do not involve experimental manipulation of variables.

Question 11

A cohort is a group of people who:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cohort is a group of people...

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time to observe changes and developments.

Question 13

In a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on mood,alcohol would be the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

In this study, the researchers are manipulating or selecting the amount of alcohol consumption, which makes it an independent variable. The dependent variable would be the mood of the participants, and the study is designed to determine if alcohol consumption has an effect on it.

Question 14

The procedure used to help ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the results of an experiment is called:

Accepted Answer

Random assignment involves assigning participants to either the experimental or control group in a random and unbiased manner, which helps to ensure that any differences in the results between the two groups are due to the manipulated variable and not other factors (such as pre-existing differences between the groups). Variable controlling involves manipulating and controlling for specific variables that may affect the results, but it does not necessarily ensure that the groups are equivalent to begin with. Representative sampling and stratification are not necessarily relevant to ensuring equivalence between experimental and control groups.

Question 15

Chris answers a survey question in a way he thinks will confirm the researchers' beliefs.If the outcome of the study is influenced by Chris and other participants' expectations,a(n)______ _____ will have occurred.

Accepted Answer

The described situation is an example of the expectancy effect, which occurs when participant expectations influence the outcome of a study. None of the other choices fit this situation. An operational definition is a clear and precise definition of a variable being measured or manipulated in a study. Double-blind and single-blind refer to research designs that minimize bias by keeping participants unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control group (single-blind) or also keeping experimenters unaware of group assignments (double-blind).

Question 16

The group exposed to a newly synthesized drug that is being tested in an experiment is the:

Accepted Answer

The experimental group is the group that is exposed to the variable being tested, in this case the newly synthesized drug. The control group is the group that does not receive the drug and is used as a point of comparison. The baseline group and standardized group are not commonly used terms in experimental design.

Question 17

Differences between two or more groups due to the impact of members having been born and raised at different moments in history are called _____ differences.

Accepted Answer

Cohort differences refer to differences between groups of individuals who were born and raised during different time periods or historical events, while cross-sectional differences refer to differences between groups of individuals who are of different ages at the same point in time. Cross-sequential differences refer to the combination of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Confounding refers to a variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to determine the true relationship between them.

Question 18

When health psychologists study variables that cannot be manipulated,they often conduct a:

Accepted Answer

When variables cannot be manipulated, health psychologists often use a quasi-experiment design. In a quasi-experiment, the researcher does not have full control over the variables, and participants are not randomly assigned to groups. Instead, participants are pre-existing groups (such as communities or schools) that are compared to each other. This design is useful when it is not ethical or logistically feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial. Therefore, the best choice for this scenario is a quasi-experiment (B). The other options given are not appropriate for variables that cannot be manipulated.

Question 19

Heritability refers to:

Accepted Answer

Heritability specifically refers to the amount of variation in a trait among individuals that can be attributed to genes. It does not have to do with dominance/recessiveness or the similarity between parents and children in terms of traits.

Question 20

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey is an example of a(n)_____ study.

Accepted Answer

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey is a cross-sectional study because it collects data from a group of individuals at a single point in time rather than following them over a period of time (longitudinal) or comparing them to a control group (experimental) or following them over a period of their lives (cohort).

Quiz 2: B: Research in Health Psychology

Which of the following research methods does not belong with the others?

Maria believes that high doses of caffeine speed up a person's reaction time.In order to test her hunch,she has five friends each drink three 8-ounce cups of coffee and then measures how quickly they are able to push a button when a tone is sounded.What is wrong with Maria's research strategy?

A study that compares two groups that differ on the variable under study at the outset of the study is called a(n) :

Unlike _ twins,who develop from a single fertilized egg,_ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.

In an experiment,the factor that may be influenced by the experimental treatment is the _____ variable.

A study comparing representative groups of people of various ages on a particular dependent variable is called a:

In a quasi-experiment,the group takes the place of a _ group.

To study the potential effects of social isolation on blood pressure,some research participants were instructed to solve problems while working together;others solved problems working alone.Those who worked alone were assigned to the:

When neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which group has received a treatment and which has not,the design is called:

A cohort is a group of people who:

Which of the following is an example of longitudinal research?

In a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on mood,alcohol would be the _____ variable.

The procedure used to help ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the results of an experiment is called:

Chris answers a survey question in a way he thinks will confirm the researchers' beliefs.If the outcome of the study is influenced by Chris and other participants' expectations,a(n) __ _ will have occurred.

The group exposed to a newly synthesized drug that is being tested in an experiment is the:

Differences between two or more groups due to the impact of members having been born and raised at different moments in history are called _____ differences.

When health psychologists study variables that cannot be manipulated,they often conduct a:

Heritability refers to:

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey is an example of a(n) _____ study.

Quiz 2: B: Research in Health Psychology

Which of the following research methods does not belong with the others?

Maria believes that high doses of caffeine speed up a person's reaction time.In order to test her hunch,she has five friends each drink three 8-ounce cups of coffee and then measures how quickly they are able to push a button when a tone is sounded.What is wrong with Maria's research strategy?

A study that compares two groups that differ on the variable under study at the outset of the study is called a(n) :

Unlike _____ twins,who develop from a single fertilized egg,_____ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.

In an experiment,the factor that may be influenced by the experimental treatment is the _____ variable.

A study comparing representative groups of people of various ages on a particular dependent variable is called a:

In a quasi-experiment,the ______ group takes the place of a _______ group.

To study the potential effects of social isolation on blood pressure,some research participants were instructed to solve problems while working together;others solved problems working alone.Those who worked alone were assigned to the:

When neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which group has received a treatment and which has not,the design is called:

A cohort is a group of people who:

Which of the following is an example of longitudinal research?

In a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on mood,alcohol would be the _____ variable.

The procedure used to help ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the results of an experiment is called:

Chris answers a survey question in a way he thinks will confirm the researchers' beliefs.If the outcome of the study is influenced by Chris and other participants' expectations,a(n) ______ _____ will have occurred.

The group exposed to a newly synthesized drug that is being tested in an experiment is the:

Differences between two or more groups due to the impact of members having been born and raised at different moments in history are called _____ differences.

When health psychologists study variables that cannot be manipulated,they often conduct a:

Heritability refers to:

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey is an example of a(n) _____ study.

Unlike _ twins,who develop from a single fertilized egg,_ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.

In a quasi-experiment,the group takes the place of a _ group.

Chris answers a survey question in a way he thinks will confirm the researchers' beliefs.If the outcome of the study is influenced by Chris and other participants' expectations,a(n) __ _ will have occurred.