Question 1

Participants in hypnosis research were told the experimenter's machinery can determine if they are lying or not. These participants often failed to show posthypnotic amnesia. This finding is seen as evidence for

Accepted Answer

This finding supports sociocognitive theories of hypnosis, which suggest that behaviors observed during hypnosis, including the failure to show posthypnotic amnesia, are influenced by the individual's beliefs, expectations, and social context, rather than being due to an altered state of consciousness.

Question 2

Which of the following concepts do sociocognitive theorists often use to explain the behavior of hypnotic subjects?

Accepted Answer

Sociocognitive theorists often use all three concepts of expectancy, motivation, and concentration to explain the behavior of hypnotic subjects. Expectancy refers to the belief that the individual has regarding the hypnotic experience and its potential outcome. Motivation refers to the degree of willingness and desire that the individual has to comply with the hypnotic suggestions. Concentration refers to the level of focus and attention that the individual gives to the hypnotic suggestions.

Question 3

Psychoanalytically oriented theorists explain posthypnotic amnesia by arguing that

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytically oriented theorists would argue that the experience has been recorded in a part of the mind not accessible to consciousness, such as the unconscious mind or the repressed memory. Therefore, the memory is not retrievable through conscious effort, leading to posthypnotic amnesia.

Question 4

According to sociocognitive theorists, participants in hypnosis demonstrations act the way they do because

Accepted Answer

According to sociocognitive theorists, participants in hypnosis demonstrations act the way they think they are supposed to act, based on their prior expectations or beliefs about hypnosis and social cues from the hypnotist. This is sometimes referred to as the "social role" theory of hypnosis. It suggests that the behavior under hypnosis is not due to any specific hypnotic state or altered consciousness, but rather to a combination of social influence and individual expectations.

Question 5

According to the textbook, the many theories of hypnosis can be roughly placed along a continuum depending on

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook, the many theories...

Question 6

The view that deeply hypnotized people experience a division of their consciousness is known as ____________theory.

Accepted Answer

The neodissociation theory asserts that hypnosis involves a split in consciousness, in which different mental processes or "alters" become dissociated or separated from one another. This theory explains why hypnotized people may experience amnesia, anesthesia, and other phenomena that are not readily understood by other theories.

Question 7

The "hidden observer" demonstrations are used to support the ____________theory of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

The "hidden observer" demonstrations are a key component of the neodissociation theory of hypnosis. According to this theory, hypnosis involves the creation of multiple, dissociated states of consciousness, including a hidden observer that remains detached from the primary hypnotic state and is able to monitor and report on the experience.

Question 8

A stage hypnotist arranges chairs so that only a few of the many volunteers who rush to the stage are able to participate in the show. She does this to capitalize on which responsiveness-enhancing variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stage hypnotist arranges chairs so that...

Question 9

The influence of psychoanalytic theory can be seen most clearly in the____________ theory of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

The neodissociation theory of hypnosis, developed by Ernest Hilgard, is heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory. It suggests that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into two parts - the hypnotic state and a hidden observer - similar to Freud's concept of the unconscious mind. Hilgard believed that the hidden observer represents the individual's own sense of self and serves to protect the person from doing things under hypnosis that they wouldn't do under normal circumstances.

Question 10

"Posthypnotic amnesia" refers to the hypnotic subjects' inability to recall

Accepted Answer

Posthypnotic amnesia refers to a situation where individuals cannot recall events that occurred while they were hypnotized until the hypnotist suggests that they can remember.

Question 11

How responsive you are to hypnotic suggestions

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that hypnotic suggestibility is a fairly stable trait that remains consistent over time, similar to a personality trait. It is not as dependent on the skill of the hypnotist or individual experience with hypnosis, nor can it be reliably predicted by measures of intelligence or extraversion.

Question 12

Critics of the neodissociation theory of hypnosis challenge the interpretation of the "hidden observer" demonstrations by conducting experiments in which they

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics of the neodissociation theory of hypnosis...

Question 13

Based on past research, who do you suppose would be the most responsive to a hypnotic suggestions?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that individuals who can become deeply absorbed in tasks, such as getting lost in a book or movie, tend to be more responsive to hypnotic suggestions. This ability reflects a propensity for focused attention and imaginative involvement, traits associated with hypnotic susceptibility.

Question 14

Research on the relationship between personality trait measures and hypnotic responsiveness generally has found

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that hypnotic responsiveness is more closely related to a person's ability to become highly involved in sensory or imaginative experiences, rather than specific personality traits.

Question 15

In which of the following circumstances are people more responsive to hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is more effective when there is a cooperative and trusting partnership between the hypnotherapist and the patient. Factors such as the patient's motivation and expectation, their ability to concentrate and imagine, and their overall attitude towards hypnosis can also contribute to their responsiveness. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 16

One problem researchers have had in finding experimental evidence in support of Freud's theory of humor is that

Accepted Answer

Many of the findings supporting Freud's theory of humor can be explained by alternative factors or interpretations, making it challenging to establish direct empirical evidence for the theory.

Question 17

Participants in the "hidden observer" demonstrations placed their arms in painfully cold water. Researchers found that highly hypnotized participants

Accepted Answer

Highly hypnotized participants in the "hidden observer" demonstrations left their arm in the painfully cold water, but reported through their "hidden observer" that the experience was painful. This suggests that while they were able to endure the physical discomfort, they were still aware of the sensation and thus experienced it on some level.

Question 18

From Freud's view of tension reduction, one can conclude that a joke will be received as funnier when

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of humor suggests that jokes are perceived as funnier when they build up tension that is then released by the punchline. This process of tension buildup and release is key to the humor experience.

Question 19

Which of the following has been found effective for improving a person's hypnotic responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been found...

Question 20

Which statement best summarizes the results of research on Freud's theory of humor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement best summarizes the results of...

Quiz 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research