Question 1

Which of the following statements about antisocial personality is true?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is more prevalent in men than in women, with a ratio of around 3:1. Option B is incorrect because antisocial personality disorder is actually more prevalent in the prison population than in the general public. Option C is incorrect because symptoms of the disorder may decrease with age as an individual matures, and option D is incorrect because individuals with antisocial personality disorder can live into their 40s, 50s, and beyond.

Question 2

According to the textbook,Charles Manson showed evidence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook,Charles Manson showed evidence...

Question 3

According to Bandura,what are the most effective deterrents to criminal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Self-sanctions are the most effective deterrents to criminal behavior according to Bandura, as they involve internal standards and self-regulatory processes that govern actions, making individuals refrain from behaviors that violate their moral and ethical standards.

Question 4

Which psychological theory has survived more "crucial tests" than any other?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which psychological theory has survived more "crucial...

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the effect of the teaching family group home model (e.g.,Achievement Place)on delinquents' behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes the...

Question 6

Which occupations are psychopaths particularly suited for according to the book by Babiak and Hare called Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work?

Accepted Answer

According to the book, psychopaths are particularly suited for careers in business, specifically in high-level positions such as CEOs and investment bankers. They are attracted to positions with power and control over others, as well as the opportunity for financial gain. Therefore, choice D, investment banker, is the most appropriate answer.

Question 7

Which of the following is most accurate when describing research findings on the relationship between watching TV by children and their levels of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Research findings suggest that watching violence on TV can desensitize children to violence in real life, making them more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. However, it is important to note that other factors such as parenting, environment, and individual temperament may also play a role in shaping children's behavior.

Question 8

What is one of the main reasons it is difficult to determine the prevalence of mental health disorders in prisons?

Accepted Answer

There is a lack of consistency in defining what constitutes a mental disorder, which makes it challenging to accurately assess and report the prevalence of mental health disorders in prisons.

Question 9

Why was Vincent Li not diagnosed as a psychopath?

Accepted Answer

Vincent Li was found not criminally responsible for his actions due to a mental disorder, specifically schizophrenia, which impaired his ability to understand the nature of his actions, rather than a lack of mental capacity to intentionally commit crime.

Question 10

According to research by Bandura,which of the following best represents the source of vicarious learning of aggression at the community level?

Accepted Answer

Subcultural influences refer to the societal or community-level factors that may facilitate or encourage aggression, such as cultural norms or media portrayals. This aligns with Bandura's theory of vicarious learning, which suggests that people may learn aggressive behavior through observing and imitating those around them, including those in their larger social and cultural contexts. Family influences, symbolic modelling, and operant conditioning may also play a role in the development of aggression, but they are more specific to individual-level factors rather than community-level influences.

Question 11

What is the current understanding of the link between mental illness and crime?

Accepted Answer

The current understanding is that not all offenders have symptoms of mental illness. While some may have underlying mental health issues that contribute to their criminal behavior, it is not accurate to assume that all crime is a symptom of mental illness. It is also important to note that diagnosing and treating mental illness during adolescence may reduce the risk of criminal behavior, but it is not a guarantee. There is no evidence to suggest that as mental health concerns increase, so does crime.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of Hare's Revised Psychopathy Checklist?

Accepted Answer

The Revised Psychopathy Checklist by Hare is a widely used diagnostic tool that has been shown to have predictive validity for violence and recidivism among offenders and psychiatric patients.

Question 13

Research by Widom indicates that,compared to institutionalized individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder,antisocial people who are not institutionalized are characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to Widom's research, compared to institutionalized individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder, antisocial people who are not institutionalized are better educated and better at avoiding conviction.

Question 14

Malamuth and Check studied the impact of viewing violent sexuality on university students' attitudes toward violence.Which of the following best summarizes the results of viewing violent sexuality?

Accepted Answer

Malamuth and Check found that male viewers were more accepting of violence against women after viewing violent sexuality, while female viewers did not show an increase in acceptance of violence against women.

Question 15

What term is used to describe a system to prevent or treat antisocial behaviour by providing individuals rewards for appropriate behaviour and punishing them for inappropriate behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The term that describes a system to prevent or treat antisocial behavior by providing individuals rewards for appropriate behavior and punishing them for inappropriate behavior is operant conditioning. This is a behavioral therapy technique that focuses on modifying behavior through positive and negative reinforcement. The other options, social learning, psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral conditioning, may also be used to modify behavior, but they do not specifically involve the use of rewards and punishments.

Question 16

Eysenck suggests that parenting practices can have an impact on criminal behaviour.Which of the following explains this?

Accepted Answer

Eysenck suggested that criminal behaviour is largely influenced by external factors such as teaching and conditioning. Parenting practices can have a strong impact on a child's upbringing, shaping their values, beliefs, and behaviours. Children who are raised in an environment where criminal behaviour is normalized or even encouraged are more likely to engage in criminal activities themselves. On the other hand, children who grow up in families that promote pro-social behaviour and discourage criminal behaviour are less likely to become involved in criminal activities. Therefore, parenting practices can have a significant impact on the development of criminal behaviour.

Question 17

Who is associated with research on operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner is associated with research on operant conditioning.

Question 18

Which of the following is the essential feature of the American Psychiatric Association's definition of the antisocial personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

The essential feature of the American Psychiatric Association's definition of the antisocial personality disorder is a pervasive disregard for the rights of others. Other features may be present, such as impulsivity or tendency towards criminal behavior, but the disregard for others' rights is the defining characteristic.

Question 19

What is meant by the statement that antisocial personality disorder is used as a "wastebasket" category?

Accepted Answer

The term "wastebasket category" refers to the idea that the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is often used to describe a wide range of individuals who exhibit antisocial behavior, regardless of the specific cause or underlying issues involved. This can make it difficult to accurately diagnose and treat individuals who may have different underlying issues that are causing their behavior.

Question 20

What is the basis of social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

The basis of social learning theory is that deviant behavior can be impacted by observing and modeling the behavior of others. This theory suggests that individuals learn new behaviors by observing the actions of others and the consequences of those actions. It is through this process of observation and reinforcement that individuals acquire new behaviors, including deviant ones.

Quiz 9: Psychological Perspectives on Criminality