Question 1

Reese is in a study similar to the one by Pope and his colleagues (2000) and is behaving as their participants did. He's able to accurately alter a computer image of a male body to depict his own, but he

Accepted Answer

Reese's behavior aligns with the findings of Pope et al. (2000), where male participants often desired to gain muscle mass, reflecting a common concern about muscularity rather than body fat or height.

Question 2

If you were to compare women's magazine ads starting in the 1950s showing people in various stages of undress, what trend would you notice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were to compare women's magazine...

Question 3

According to Latané's (1981) social impact theory, Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Accepted Answer

Latané's social impact theory suggests that individuals are influenced by the strength, immediacy, and number of sources present in a social situation. In this case, Katy's behavior (binge eating) is influenced by the immediacy (her sorority sisters are present) and the importance of the group (the sorority is very important to her).

Question 4

Kelsey has just joined a new ballet company in which thinness is of paramount importance in becoming a successful dancer. From Martha she learns how important it is to remain painfully thin. From Annette she learns that laxatives are useful tools for weight control. The first "lesson" represents ________, whereas the second "lesson" represents ________.

Accepted Answer

The first "lesson" that Kelsey learns, that thinness is important, represents normative social influence because Martha is providing social pressure for Kelsey to conform to the group's expectations of what a successful dancer should look like. The second "lesson" that Kelsey learns, that laxatives are useful for weight control, represents informational social influence because Annette is providing Kelsey with information about a weight control method that she may not have previously considered. Therefore, the correct answer is D, normative social influence and informational social influence.

Question 5

Whereas ________ is the vehicle by which women learn what is attractive, ________ is the source of women's attempts to attain the ideal body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whereas ________ is the vehicle by which...

Question 6

Evidence suggests that in recent decades, sociocultural expectations of attractiveness for men, as depicted in the media, have become

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the ideal male body type depicted in the media has shifted towards a more muscular physique in recent years, with a preference for a V-shaped torso, broad shoulders, and narrow waist. This trend is often attributed to the influence of male celebrities and their portrayal in movies and advertisements.

Question 7

Suppose you wanted your friend Nick to agree to join the "Save the Seals" campaign, a campaign that most of your other friends support. You should invite Nick to a meeting of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you wanted your friend Nick to...

Question 8

Because of the societal pressures to be very thin, there is a so-called epidemic of eating disorders. Compared to females who developed eating disorders in the past, those who develop eating disorders today tend to be

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, females who develop eating disorders today tend to be younger, aged twelve and thirteen, compared to those who developed eating disorders in the past.

Question 9

Ayleen will learn what is considered to be attractive in women's bodies from family, friends, and

Accepted Answer

The media plays a significant role in shaping societal beauty standards and what is considered attractive in women's bodies. Family and friends may have some influence, but the media has a much broader reach in terms of perpetuating beauty ideals.

Question 10

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that immediacy is directly related to conformity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet...

Question 11

If you wanted to resist an influence attempt, social impact theory (Latané, 1981) suggests that you should

Accepted Answer

Social impact theory suggests that individuals are more likely to be influenced by a group when they are in close proximity to the group. Therefore, increasing the distance between yourself and the group is the best choice to resist an influence attempt.

Question 12

Since World War II, the Japanese preference for beauty has evolved to hattou shin, which refers to

Accepted Answer

Hattou shin refers to a Westernized beauty standard, with long legs and thin bodies.

Question 13

Daniel wants to become more attractive. If he strives to meet the sociocultural expectation of attractiveness for men, he will need to work on becoming

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daniel wants to become more attractive. If...

Question 14

Cross-cultural research on the changes in standards for physical attractiveness has found that Japanese women

Accepted Answer

Japanese women are less satisfied with their appearance than American women and face higher rates of eating disorders as they try to conform to increasingly thin beauty standards influenced by Western ideals.

Question 15

Dr. Lemitt finds Bibb Latané's (1981) social impact theory very useful when she is researching conformity because its tenets

Accepted Answer

Social impact theory, according to Bibb Latané, identifies variables that make a source more influential.

Question 16

You need to give a presentation in your class about Bibb Latané's social impact theory (1981). You want to focus on the three variables that influence the likelihood that people will conform to social influence pressures. Your lecture will include:

Accepted Answer

According to Bibb Latané's social impact theory, the three variables that influence the likelihood of people conforming to social influence pressures are strength (the importance or relevance of the group exerting the influence), immediacy (the proximity of the group exerting the influence), and number (the number of people exerting the influence). Therefore, the correct answer is A. The other options contain incorrect variables or lack some of the key variables.

Question 17

Joe has a fairly average body for a man, and wants women to be attracted to him physically. Joe is most likely to (wrongly) think that women are attracted to

Accepted Answer

Joe's assumption that women are attracted to muscular men is a common misconception. While some women may prefer more muscular physiques, there is no one "type" of body that all women are attracted to. It is important for Joe to focus on being confident in his own body, rather than trying to conform to a specific ideal.

Question 18

Marcia values the opinions and desires of both her parents and her close friends. When she's with her parents, she finds herself agreeing with them. When she's with her friends, she finds herself agreeing with them, even though they sometimes disagree with her parents. This change in Marcia's behavior represents the influence of Bibb Latané's (1981) concept of ________ on normative conformity.

Accepted Answer

Immediacy refers to the physical or psychological closeness of an influence source, which can affect conformity. Marcia's behavior changes based on whether she is with her parents or friends, demonstrating the impact of immediacy on her conformity to each group's norms.

Question 19

Changes in depictions of men's and women's bodies in the media demonstrate changes in ________ social influence, and changes in perceptions of one's own actual and ideal body demonstrate ________ social influence.

Accepted Answer

Informational social influence refers to the influence of others on our beliefs and attitudes, while normative social influence refers to the influence of others on our behavior. In the first line, the changes in depictions of men's and women's bodies in the media demonstrate changes in informational social influence because they are influencing our beliefs and attitudes about what is considered an attractive body. In the second line, the changes in perceptions of one's own actual and ideal body demonstrate normative social influence because they are influencing our behavior by causing us to change our own body image.

Question 20

In a study by Pope and his colleagues (2000), men were asked to alter a computer image of a male body to accurately depict their own body, their ideal body, and the type of body they thought women preferred. Results from this study suggest that men saw their bodies accurately, but

Accepted Answer

The study found that men wanted to alter their bodies to achieve their ideal body image by gaining a large amount of muscle mass, indicating a desire for a more muscular physique.

Quiz 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior