Question 1

Compared to someone who has very high similarity to you and changes to be less similar, how would someone with very slight similarity change their behavior? Not sure if this is a clear question

Accepted Answer

Someone with very slight similarity would likely change their behavior to become more similar to you, especially if they are motivated to align with your behavior or characteristics.

Question 2

What is the term for the attributes that provide an acceptable method for citizens to show their differences?

Accepted Answer

Uniqueness refers to the attributes that allow individuals to express their differences in a socially acceptable way.

Question 3

While some scholars refer to the desire to be special in comparison to others as the need for uniqueness, a similar term used for this desire is ______.

Accepted Answer

The term used for the desire to be special in comparison to others is the "motive for distinctiveness." This is similar to the "need for uniqueness" but more specific in its emphasis on standing out from others. The other answer choices are not accurate terms used to describe this particular desire.

Question 4

Which period marked the beginning of hope being viewed as more prevalent in present life?

Accepted Answer

The Renaissance is known for its renewed focus on humanism and individualism, which encouraged people to see the potential in themselves and their present lives. This emphasis on human potential and the present helped shift attitudes towards hope and optimism, which became more prevalent in the cultural and intellectual outlook of the time.

Question 5

What might an individualist need to notice while engaging in conflict with a collectivist?

Accepted Answer

Collectivists value the harmony and unity of the group over individual self-expression. As a result, they may prioritize saving face during conflicts to avoid disrupting group harmony. An individualist engaging in conflict with a collectivist should take this into account and try to find a way to address the issue without causing the collectivist to feel embarrassed or shamed in front of their peers.

Question 6

Which of the following should individualists consider when conducting business?

Accepted Answer

Individualists should consider understanding collectivist norms when conducting business because it allows them to adapt their communication and negotiation styles to the cultural context.

Question 7

The authors indicate that a powerful underlying force throughout Western civilization has been ______.

Accepted Answer

Hope is often cited as a powerful underlying force in Western civilization, driving progress, innovation, and the pursuit of a better future.

Question 8

Which of the following accurately distinguishes Confucian teachings of happiness from Greek views on happiness?

Accepted Answer

Confucian teachings of happiness place emphasis on achieving harmony in one's life, while Greek views on happiness focus more on individualism and freedom.

Question 9

The Taoist yin and yang symbol represent ______.

Accepted Answer

The Taoist yin and yang symbol represents the balance between opposing forces and desires, such as light/darkness, cold/hot, and male/female. It is a concept of duality in which the two forces are interconnected and interdependent, each containing a seed of the other within itself. This symbol represents the need for balance and harmony in life, rather than a constant struggle between opposing forces.

Question 10

How would you expect someone to react upon realizing that they have a high degree of similarity to you?

Accepted Answer

People generally react positively upon discovering similarities with others, as this often leads to a sense of connection and shared identity.

Question 11

In contrast to Western students learning about and understanding different cultures in the classroom, what method(s) would a traditional Easterner use?

Accepted Answer

A traditional Easterner would typically learn about and understand different cultures through self-exploration and hands-on experience. This may involve traveling to different countries or regions, participating in cultural activities, and interacting with people from different backgrounds. Unlike Western education, which tends to be more theoretical and classroom-based, traditional Eastern learning is often experiential and focused on personal development.

Question 12

If someone abides by the four universal virtues, which of the following would be the most significant to attain?

Accepted Answer

Transcendental compassion is the most significant virtue to attain because it encompasses empathy, kindness, and genuine concern for the well-being of others, which is essential for building positive relationships and fostering social harmony. High emotional intelligence, unconditional positive regard, and an indomitable will are all important virtues, but without compassion, they may not be used to their full potential.

Question 13

Snyder and Fromkin developed ______, a scale that identifies the individual differences within the need to behave distinctively.

Accepted Answer

Snyder and Fromkin developed the Need for Uniqueness Scale, which identifies individual differences within the need to behave distinctively. Option A, the Need for Distinction Scale, is not a valid scale. Option B, the Autonomous Values Scale, is a different scale that measures the importance of autonomy in decision-making. Option D, the Individualism Scale, measures the degree of individualism within a culture or society, rather than an individual's need for uniqueness.

Question 14

During interactions with individualists, a collectivist might find it suitable to discuss ______ to attain status with the individualists.

Accepted Answer

Individualists value personal achievement and success, so discussing recent accomplishments would likely be a topic of interest for them. Harmonious relationships, the achievements of peers, and rewards earned throughout life may not carry as much weight in the eyes of individualists.

Question 15

What phenomenon do reports indicate is responsible for the individualistic culture of the United States?

Accepted Answer

Reports indicate that the individualistic culture of the United States can be attributed to the country's history of having ancestors who were originally Europeans, particularly from countries such as England, Ireland, and Germany, where individualism is traditionally valued.

Question 16

What percentage of people on earth are estimated to be collectivistic?

Accepted Answer

Based on research in cultural psychology, it is estimated that approximately 70% of people on earth are collectivistic, meaning they prioritize the needs and goals of the group over the individual. This is especially true in East Asian and Latin American cultures, but can also be found in other parts of the world.

Question 17

What level of similarity is rated as being the most comfortable for people?

Accepted Answer

Moderate to high levels of similarity are rated as the most comfortable for people. This means that while some similarities are important for bonding and relating to others, too much similarity can lead to boredom or lack of growth in a relationship. Therefore, a moderate to high level of similarity allows for shared interests and values while still maintaining individuality and room for personal growth.

Question 18

Although it is highly valued in Eastern cultures, ______ has received minimal attention by positive psychology.

Accepted Answer

Harmony is highly valued in Eastern cultures but has received minimal attention by positive psychology, which often focuses on individual traits and achievements rather than collective or relational aspects like harmony.

Question 19

What might be the result of holding both the ME and WE perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Holding both the ME and WE perspectives allows for a deeper understanding and empathy for those who hold different views. This can lead to more meaningful interactions and improved relationships, as well as the potential to find common ground and create a new, more inclusive perspective.

Question 20

Which of the following best distinguishes Eastern and Western philosophical approaches to life?

Accepted Answer

Eastern philosophical approaches typically focus on finding balance and harmony, while Western philosophical approaches place a greater emphasis on individual happiness and fulfillment. This distinction can often be seen in the different techniques and practices used in each tradition, such as meditation and mindfulness in the East and goal-setting and self-improvement in the West.

Quiz 2: Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology