Question 1

Which of the following is a correct statement about opium?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are correct. Opium has been consumed in various ways for centuries, including through smoking, drinking, and eating. The crude opium was often dissolved in wine to make it into a medication, which was advocated by famous physicians like Hippocrates. The tincture of opium, known as laudanum, was a popular medication for various ailments for centuries.

Question 2

What is the name of the signaling molecule that activates a transcription factor (CREB),that then triggers certain genes to dull the reward circuit by inhibiting the dopamine-producing neurons of the VTA?

Accepted Answer

The signaling molecule that activates CREB and triggers genes to inhibit dopamine-producing neurons is cyclic AMP. ATP and NADP are energy molecules, and AMP is a part of the cyclic AMP molecule but alone cannot activate CREB. Hence, the correct answer is Cyclic AMP.

Question 3

Which of the following choices applies to the opium poppy?

Accepted Answer

All of the given choices are correct.

Question 4

What is the name of the area in the brain that is the origin of the "reward pathway"?

Accepted Answer

The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) is the origin of the reward pathway in the brain, specifically the dopamine neurons in the VTA. These neurons release dopamine in response to pleasurable experiences, such as food, sex, or drugs, which reinforces and motivates behavior to seek out those experiences again.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effects of stimulants and opiates on neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants increase neurotransmitter activity by disrupting their reuptake, allowing them to remain in the synaptic gap longer, enhancing their effects. Opiates, on the other hand, mimic the effects of pain-relieving neurotransmitters, effectively inhibiting the transmission of pain signals by altering neurotransmitter production or release mechanisms.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about psychoactive drug effects in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a correct...

Question 7

VTA,NA,cyclic AMP,and CREB are all factors involved in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of VTA,NA,cyclic AMP,and CREB are all factors involved...

Question 8

All of these psychoactive drugs are correctly paired with their effect except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

Kava is actually a sedative and anxiolytic, not a hallucinogen.

Question 9

The level of what neurotransmitter is elevated by all addictive drugs?

Accepted Answer

The level of dopamine is elevated by all addictive drugs. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, and its release is a key component of the brain's reward pathway. Addictive drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain, leading to a sense of euphoria and reinforcing the desire to repeat the behavior that led to the release of dopamine.

Question 10

The main effect of psychoactive drugs is on the brain's ________.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs primarily affect the neurotransmitters in the brain, altering their release, reuptake, or binding to receptors. This can lead to changes in perception, mood, behavior, and cognition. While psychoactive drugs may indirectly affect other types of neurons, such as sensory or motor neurons, their primary target is the brain's neurotransmitter system.

Question 11

Addictive compounds generally elicit one or more of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Addictive compounds can lead to both psychological and physiological dependence, which can also result in tolerance. These compounds have also been shown to stimulate the mesolimbic dopamine system, which is involved in reward and pleasure. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Morphine was not always administered by syringe. It was initially given orally, but later intravenously and through other methods of injection as well.

Question 13

The active compound in all the following psychoactive plants is an alkaloid except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

The active compound in Cannabis sativa is not an alkaloid, but rather a class of compounds called cannabinoids, the most well-known being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Question 14

Cocaine can do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine can act as a stimulant, relieve pain, cause death, and cause addiction. Therefore, the best choice is E, as it encompasses all the options.

Question 15

Heroin was believed to be superior to codeine as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Heroin was initially marketed as a cough suppressant and was believed to be superior to codeine for this purpose.

Question 16

Morphine is an alkaloid found in the psychoactive plant taxonomically known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Morphine is found in Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy, a plant known for its psychoactive and medicinal properties.

Question 17

Laudanum is a tincture of alcohol and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Laudanum is a tincture of opium, which contains the opioids morphine and codeine. It has historically been used as a painkiller and sedative, but due to its high potential for addiction and overdose, its use has become highly restricted in modern times.

Question 18

Which part of the poppy plant produces the exudate used in making opium?

Accepted Answer

The fruits of the poppy plant produce the exudate that is used in making opium. When the surface of the poppy fruit is incised, it exudes a milky latex that contains opium alkaloids.

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitter receptors is affected by morphine?

Accepted Answer

Morphine affects endorphin receptors in the brain, which are involved in pain relief and can produce feelings of euphoria.

Question 20

Widespread opium addiction in China ended after which of the following took place?

Accepted Answer

The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 led to strict government measures against opium production and use, effectively ending widespread addiction in the country.

Quiz 20: Psychoactive Plants