Question 1

What defines development?

Accepted Answer

Development is defined as an increase in complexity of function and skill progression. While physical changes may occur, they are not the sole defining aspect of development. Development also includes cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Genetic influences may play a role, but they do not fully determine an individual's development. The concept of outward expression of the inner self is related to personality or self-expression, which is not necessarily the same as development.

Question 2

A nurse is plotting the height and weight of children during a school assessment clinic.Which of the following best describes this aspect of the children's health?

Accepted Answer

Plotting height and weight of children is an assessment of their growth, which is the process of physical changes that occur from infancy to adulthood. Development includes both physical and cognitive changes, while health refers to the overall state of being physically, mentally, and socially well. Bone size is a specific aspect of growth and development, but not the best choice to describe the overall assessment of the children's health.

Question 3

Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate for a 16-year-old's stage of growth and development?

Accepted Answer

At age 16, clients are in the stage of adolescence, where they are striving for independence and seeking to establish their identity. Assisting the client to develop strategies for resolving conflicts with family and peers is the most appropriate nursing intervention for this stage of growth and development. Controlling the client's environment or accepting risky behavior are not appropriate interventions. Helping the client's parents identify and meet their child's unmet needs may be helpful, but it is not the most appropriate intervention for this stage of development.

Question 4

Mr.Vandenhoff,59,a seriously ill client,says to the nurse,"I don't know how people manage to get through difficult times without their faith.It's where I get my strength." The nurse correctly associates this belief with which theorist?

Accepted Answer

This belief is associated with the theories of James Westerhoff, who proposed that faith is a source of personal meaning and strength in times of crisis. Erikson's theory focuses on the stages of psychosocial development, Gilligan's theory focuses on moral development in women, and Kohlberg's theory focuses on moral reasoning.

Question 5

A 3-year-old who is to be discharged the next morning asks,"When can I go home?" Which response demonstrates that the nurse is basing her response on the preconceptual phase of Piaget's cognitive development model?

Accepted Answer

The preconceptual phase occurs between the ages of 2 and 4, during which the child uses symbols to represent objects and experiences. The nurse's response in choice C uses the concept of time, which is a symbol, to explain when the child will go home.

Question 6

A toddler shows fear and begins to cry when her parent leaves her at daycare.According to Havighurst,which developmental task would this child be exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

Learning to relate emotionally is a developmental task that involves forming attachments and understanding one's own emotions in relation to others. The toddler's fear and crying when her parent leaves is an example of her learning to navigate her emotional responses to separation, indicating she is working on developing emotional relationships.

Question 7

A mother questions the nurse about her 5-year-old daughter,Abigail,who has begun to masturbate.How should the nurse,familiar with Freud's stages of development,respond?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's stages of development, children go through a stage called the phallic stage where they become aware of their genitals and may begin to explore them. Masturbation during this stage is considered a normal part of development. Therefore, the nurse should reassure the mother that Abigail's behavior is normal and that she will outgrow it as she moves on to the next stage of development. However, the nurse should also make sure the mother understands the importance of teaching Abigail about privacy and appropriate behavior in public.

Question 8

Shane,47,who has a terminal illness,is writing a journal of his favourite memories for his family to read after his death.According to Peck,this client is working through which of the following developmental tasks?

Accepted Answer

Shane is working through the developmental task of ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation, which involves accepting the limitations of one's own mortality and finding meaning and purpose in life beyond the physical body. Shane's journal writing shows how he is transcending his ego and focusing on leaving a meaningful legacy for his family, rather than being preoccupied with his illness and physical decline.

Question 9

Instead of preparing for a class presentation,Jackie,a nursing student,went to a concert with several of her friends.What likely governed her behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The likely governing factor for Jackie's behavior is the Id, which is the instinctive and impulsive part of personality that seeks pleasure and avoids pain. In this scenario, Jackie's desire to attend a concert with her friends and have fun was more appealing to her Id than the need to prepare for her class presentation.

Question 10

While observing neonates in the newborn nursery,a nursing student notices that their heads are disproportionately larger than their extremities.What principle of growth and development does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Cephalocaudal growth is the principle that growth and development proceed from the head downward. This means that during fetal and early infancy stages, the head grows more rapidly than the rest of the body, resulting in temporarily disproportionate head size compared to extremities.

Question 11

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,what describes the Electra complex?

Accepted Answer

The Electra complex is a psychoanalytic theory proposed by Freud where a female child develops a sexual attraction to the father and hostility towards the mother. The concept is similar to the Oedipus complex in males, where a male child develops a sexual attraction to the mother and hostility towards the father. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option A describes the Oedipus complex. Options B and D are not related to the Electra complex.

Question 12

In addition to occurring cephalocaudally,what is known about growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there are critical periods in development, such as the first three years of life, where certain experiences and stimuli are crucial for healthy development. Missing these critical periods can lead to lasting developmental delays or deficits.

Question 13

Jules,21,has never lived away from his parents and feels unable to make decisions on his own.According to Freud's theory of development,Jules is fixated at which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jules,21,has never lived away from his parents...

Question 14

During an assessment of William,15 months of age,a nurse finds that he cannot stand next to furniture and does not try to pull himself up from a sitting position.William is lagging behind in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

The nurse's observation indicates a delay in William's gross motor development, specifically in sitting and standing abilities. Growth, height, and behavior are not necessarily related to this delay.

Question 15

Alisha,5 years of age,is starting school and is being screened for certain developmental milestones.How a child interacts with other children is most influenced by which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

Temperament, or a child's inherent personality traits, plays a significant role in how they interact with other children. For example, a child with a more outgoing and sociable temperament may have an easier time making friends and interacting with others, while a more reserved and shy child may struggle with socialization. Physical characteristics, environment, and culture can also play a role in a child's social development, but temperament is likely the most influential factor.

Question 16

Ria,a 20-month-old,is in hospital.Her nurse suspects that she is lagging behind in stage 6 of Piaget's phases of cognitive development.Which activity would support this?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, stage 6 or the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) involves imaginative play and symbolic thinking. Children in this stage begin to use symbols and representational thinking to understand the world around them. Ria's passive behavior of merely watching as other children pretend-play suggests that she may be lagging behind in this stage of development. Option A, C, and D are not directly related to cognitive development but rather emotional and behavioral responses.

Question 17

Using Freud's developmental theory as a framework,which of the following clients would suffer the most impact developmentally?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using Freud's developmental theory as a framework,which...

Question 18

Eli,17,is being seen in the mental health clinic for antisocial behaviour.According to Erikson's stages of development,this client is having difficulty progressing with which task?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's stages of development, the task in adolescence is Identity versus role confusion. Antisocial behavior can be a sign of difficulty in establishing a clear sense of identity and confusion about one's place in society.

Question 19

How does Havighurst (1972)characterize the six stages of growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Havighurst characterizes the six stages of growth and development as "developmental tasks", which individuals must accomplish in order to move successfully to the next stage.

Question 20

A parent brings a child to the clinic with concerns about the child's inability to sit alone.The nurse explains that development is based on inborn timetables and the child will be able to meet this milestone at a specific time.The nurse is basing this information on which theory of growth and development?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is basing their explanation on the biophysical theory of growth and development, which emphasizes the role of genetics and physical maturation in determining developmental milestones.

Quiz 17: Concepts of Growth and Development