Question 1

According to Edwin Lemert, ________ occurs when an individual violates a norm and is viewed as deviant but rejects the deviant label and maintains a conformist conception of him or herself. The internalization of a deviant label and the assumption of a deviant role, however, are viewed as ________.

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Question 2

A state of social strain, normative confusion, or a rapid change in norms, accompanied by a situation when people's behavior is no longer restrained by conventional norms, is referred to as ________.

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Question 3

According to Hirschi's social bond theory, the four elements contributing to a strong social bond are ________ to parents, school, church and other social institutions aligned with conformity; a[n] ________ to conventional norms; a[n] ________ in conventional activities; and a[n] ________ in the validity of social norms.

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Question 4

Guidelines that govern our thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors that are also fundamental to explaining deviance are called ________.

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Question 5

Informal norms that reflect cultural traditions and guide everyday interactions, such as manners at mealtime and choice of attire, are called ________.

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Question 6

The 19th century sociologist who believed that deviant behavior was a social pathology that threatened society was ________.

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Question 7

Power theorists explain deviance in two very important ways based on one's access to power. Simply stated, these two ways are: (1)___________ ____ and (2)_________ ___.

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Question 8

The two sociologists who developed a set of five techniques of neutralization that permit "normal" individuals to engage in deviant behavior but neutralize the stigmatizing effect of their behavior were ________ and ________.

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Question 9

The term also used to describe public order offenses is ________.

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Question 10

________ viewed deviance as the result of ________, a problem that potentially threatens the survival of society, which was a part of the organic analogy he made of society.

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Question 11

The condition identified by a 19th century Italian surgeon that attributed deviance to a package of genetic traits that distinguished violent and habitual criminals from the "normal" noncriminal population was called ________.

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Question 12

The general category of deviance that includes all aspects of white-collar crime as well as other deviant acts perpetrated by those in power is called ________.

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Question 13

The ________ theory, developed by Jeffrey Reiman contends that those in power have designed the criminal justice system to fail because "the failure of the criminal justice system yields such benefits to those in positions of power that it amounts to success."

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Question 14

Any characteristic that sets people apart and discredits or discourages them from full social acceptance and participation is called ________.

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Question 15

The form of suicide Durkheim identified as occurring because of extreme social constraint, which is the underlying cause of suicidal love pacts and suicide among slaves, was ________.

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Question 16

Deterrence theory is an effective method of social control to curtail deviance, provided punishment for violation of norms is perceived as being ________, ________, and ________.

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Question 17

The mode of adaptive behavior that rejects both socially accepted goals as well as the culturally approved means to achieve them is what Robert Merton would call ________.

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Quiz 7: Deviance and Conformity

According to Edwin Lemert, occurs when an individual violates a norm and is viewed as deviant but rejects the deviant label and maintains a conformist conception of him or herself. The internalization of a deviant label and the assumption of a deviant role, however, are viewed as .

A state of social strain, normative confusion, or a rapid change in norms, accompanied by a situation when people's behavior is no longer restrained by conventional norms, is referred to as ________.

According to Hirschi's social bond theory, the four elements contributing to a strong social bond are to parents, school, church and other social institutions aligned with conformity; a[n] to conventional norms; a[n] in conventional activities; and a[n] in the validity of social norms.