Thu Phan,a 42-Year-Old Former Vietnamese Refugee,has Been Having Unsettling Nightmares

Thu Phan,a 42-year-old former Vietnamese refugee,has been having unsettling nightmares to the point that she is afraid to go to sleep.These recurring nightmares have become worse over the last 7 years.When her American husband suggested that she see a local psychiatrist,she became loud and belligerent,stating that she did not need a psychiatrist; she needs a doctor for menopause.The nurse recognizes that her behavior is most likely the result of

A) The stigma of mental illness in traditional Vietnamese culture.
B) Hormonal imbalance from menopause.
C) Having "flashbacks" from the refugee camp.
D) Being homesick for Vietnam.