Question 1

Luke is seeking treatment for his depression.His therapist tells him that his treatment will be short-term, will entail identifying the circumstances that precipitate his depressive symptoms, and will involve learning new skills necessary to interact effectively with his environment.Luke is most likely undergoing

Accepted Answer

Luke's described treatment involves identifying behaviors and learning new skills, which aligns with the goals of behavior therapy. Existential therapy focuses on individuals finding meaning and purpose in their life, while psychodynamic therapy and psychoanalysis explore past experiences and unconscious conflicts.

Question 2

Belinda has been warned not to mix her antidepressant medication with certain over-the-counter drugs.She has also been told to watch her consumption of aged cheese, red wine, and beer.Belinda's is most likely taking

Accepted Answer

Belinda has been warned not to mix her antidepressant medication with certain over-the-counter drugs and to watch her consumption of aged cheese, red wine, and beer. These are typical precautions for individuals taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which can have dangerous interactions with certain foods and drugs. Tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines do not typically have these dietary restrictions, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may have some drug interactions but do not require the same dietary limitations as MAOIs.

Question 3

According to the textbook, depression rates among Latinos are comparable those among Caucasian Americans, but within the Latino population depression rates vary widely on the basis of specific culture of origin, first versus second generation status, and

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that within the Latino population, depression rates vary widely on the basis of specific culture of origin, first versus second generation status, and acculturation. English fluency and urban or rural location are not mentioned as factors that contribute to the variation of depression rates among Latinos. Ataque de nervios is a specific cultural syndrome that has been identified among Latinos, but it is not mentioned in the context of depression rates.

Question 4

Anti-epileptics may work by restoring the balance between the neurotransmitter systems in the

Accepted Answer

Anti-epileptics can work by restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in the amygdala, which is involved in the regulation of emotions and can be a site of seizure activity.

Question 5

According to the textbook, increases in gender differences with respect to depression coincide with ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Increases in gender differences regarding depression are notably associated with puberty and the social aspects of puberty. This period brings about significant biological and social changes, which can impact mental health and contribute to the observed gender differences in depression rates.

Question 6

Stewart has been warned by his psychiatrist not to miss any of his medication-check appointments.The drug he is taking can be lethal if not monitored regularly.Which of the following drugs is Stewart most likely taking?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, and requires close monitoring of blood levels to prevent toxicity. Missing medication checks can result in dangerous levels of lithium in the body. Anticonvulsants are also used to treat bipolar disorder, but do not typically require such frequent monitoring. Tricyclics and MAOIs are used to treat depression, but do not have the same risk of toxicity with missed medication checks as lithium.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the newer methods of brain stimulation?

Accepted Answer

The statement that is true about the newer methods of brain stimulation is that in vagus nerve stimulation, a small electronic device is implanted under the patient's skin in the left chest wall. This device sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, which then sends signals to the brain. It is effective in treating depression, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. The other statements are false, as patients receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation do not require anesthesia, deep brain stimulation requires surgery, and there is no light therapy used in this context.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of light therapy?

Accepted Answer

Light therapy is often used to treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD) by resetting circadian rhythms. Exposure to bright light helps to suppress the release of melatonin, which helps to regulate sleep, and stimulates the release of serotonin, which improves mood. However, it does not increase melatonin levels. Light therapy is generally considered a safe and effective treatment, although there may be some side effects, such as headaches or eyestrain. It does not lead to abnormal production of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Question 9

Three demographic factors are especially relevant to sociocultural theories of depression: cohort effects, gender, and

Accepted Answer

Ethnic/racial background is relevant to sociocultural theories of depression as different cultural beliefs and values can impact how individuals experience and express depression. Additionally, experiences of discrimination and racism can contribute to depressive symptoms. Cohort effects and gender can also play a role, but are not as specifically related to sociocultural factors. Urban or rural background and religious background may have some impact, but are not as consistently relevant across cultures and populations.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about biological theories of bipolar disorder is true?

Accepted Answer

Biological theories of bipolar disorder suggest that genetics play a role in predisposing individuals to the disorder. Ongoing research aims to identify specific genes implicated in bipolar disorder, some of which may also contribute to other disorders like schizophrenia. However, there is no strong evidence to suggest that the same genes are implicated in both disorders. Environmental factors may also play a role in the development of bipolar disorder, but genetics likely also play a significant role. There is no current research aiming to prove that depression and schizophrenia are two forms of the same disorder.

Question 11

Which of the following anticonvulsants tends to produce the fewest side effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following anticonvulsants tends to...

Question 12

Which of the following regarding depression among Latinos in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following regarding depression among...

Question 13

According to the textbook, which of the following disorders may be influenced by some of the same genes involved with bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, some of the same genes involved with bipolar disorder may also be involved in schizophrenia.

Question 14

Which of the following describes a cohort effect?

Accepted Answer

A cohort effect refers to when a researcher finds that people differ on some psychological variable depending not on their age per se, but in the era in which they were born and lived. This means that people who experienced the same historical events, cultural shifts, and social changes during a specific time period may have shared experiences that shape their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors differently than people who were born in a different era. For example, Baby Boomers who grew up during the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, and the rise of countercultural movements may have different political, social, and cultural values than Millennials who grew up in a post-9/11 world, a digital era, and a more diverse and globalized society. Cohort effects are important to consider in longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, and age-related research, as they can affect the interpretation of age differences and age changes in psychological variables.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Accepted Answer

ECT can cause memory problems, particularly with unilateral ECT, which is administered to one side of the brain.

Question 16

Many of the side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants are anticholinergic, meaning that they affect levels of the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants are known to have anticholinergic side effects, which means they affect the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This can lead to dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and difficulty urinating.

Question 17

Depression and bipolar disorders are associated with abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the amygdala.Some evidence also suggests alterations in the size and functioning of the

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is another brain region that has been implicated in depression and bipolar disorders, with evidence pointing to changes in both its size and functioning.

Question 18

________ can cause diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney dysfunction and can contribute to birth defects if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Lithium can cause diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney dysfunction and can contribute to birth defects if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. MAOIs, SSRIs, and SNRIs do not have these specific side effects or risks during pregnancy.

Question 19

Which of the following is one reason to explain why women are more likely than men to suffer from depression.

Accepted Answer

Studies suggest that men and women differ in how they respond to or cope with negative feelings. Women tend to ruminate on negative feelings, while men tend to distract themselves from negative feelings. This difference in coping styles may contribute to the higher rate of depression among women.

Question 20

In the treatment of mood disorders, which of the following is the first phase of behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

The first phase of behavior therapy in the treatment of mood disorders is functional analysis. This involves identifying and understanding the patterns and triggers of maladaptive behaviors and thoughts, and using this information to develop strategies for change. Cohort effect and causal attribution are not specific phases of behavior therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy is a medical treatment that is not part of behavior therapy.

Quiz 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide