Question 1

Hillary is not impressed with her choices for student body president, but knows she should vote in the election. In her opinion, Juan is not qualified for the position, but neither is Mark. She trusts Mark and admires his decision-making ability over Juan's. In fact, she likes Mark so much she volunteered for his campaign one afternoon. Her trust of Mark's decision-making represents the ________ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hillary is not impressed with her choices...

Question 2

One who is unjustly blamed and punished for problems he or she did not cause is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A scapegoat is someone who is falsely blamed and punished for problems they didn't cause. A victim may be falsely blamed, but it could also be someone who is simply harmed in a situation. A pariah is someone who is socially outcast or shunned. A bigot is someone who holds prejudiced and intolerant views towards a certain group of people.

Question 3

Hillary is not impressed with her choices for student body president, but knows she should vote in the election. Her unfavorable opinion and knowledge of the two candidates represents her _____.

Accepted Answer

Hillary's unfavorable opinion and knowledge of the two candidates represent her evaluative beliefs, as she has formed a judgment or opinion about them based on her experiences, attitudes, and values. It is not intuition, as intuition refers to a gut feeling or instinct about something without conscious reasoning. It is also not a behavioral tendency, as that refers to a consistent pattern of behavior or action. While prejudice may play a role in Hillary's opinion, the given information does not provide enough evidence to definitively conclude that prejudice is a factor.

Question 4

Tobias operates a bakery and specializes in wedding cakes. He actively discourages same-sex couples from coming in and always gives them the highest prices if they insist on ordering a cake from him. Tobias' behavior is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

Tobias' behavior is discriminatory as he is actively discouraging and charging higher prices to a certain group of people based on their sexual orientation.

Question 5

Xander has noticed that the community he grew up in has long been experiencing job loss and suppressed wages. He blames this on the refugees that have settled in his community, who he believes are competing with already established groups for jobs. The theory that would best explain his prejudice against the refugees would locate the origin of the prejudice in ________.

Accepted Answer

Frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration can lead to aggression, and thus prejudice, if someone perceives that their goals are being blocked by a particular group, in this case, refugees. Xander's frustration with the job loss and suppressed wages in his community may have led him to blame the refugees for these issues, and in turn, develop prejudice against them.

Question 6

________ is an unfair, intolerant, or unfavorable attitude toward another group of people.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an unfounded or preconceived belief, opinion or attitude about members of a certain group. While prejudice can be negative or positive, it usually carries a negative connotation and is often based on stereotypes. Discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of people based on their membership in a particular group, which can be motivated by prejudice. Conformity refers to the tendency to align one's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of the people around them. Oppression refers to the systematic and institutionalized mistreatment of a group of people, often by those who hold power over them.

Question 7

________ is an act taken toward one group that is unfair when compared with our behavior toward other groups.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the act of treating one group unfairly or differently from another group based on characteristics such as race, gender, sexuality, religion, etc. It involves denying certain rights or opportunities to a group that are available to another group. This unequal treatment is not based on merit or individual actions but rather on group membership.

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the three major components of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

The three major components of attitudes are evaluative beliefs (thoughts and opinions about the attitude object), behavioral expectancies (anticipated outcomes and behaviors associated with the attitude object), and feelings (emotional reactions to the attitude object). Goals are not considered to be a major component of attitudes.

Question 9

Hillary is not impressed with her choices for student body president, but knows she should vote in the election. In her opinion, Juan is not qualified for the position, but neither is Mark. She trusts Mark and admires his decision-making ability over Juan's. In fact, she likes Mark so much she volunteered for his campaign one afternoon. Volunteering for the campaign represents the ________ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral tendency component refers to an individual's inclination to act in a certain way toward the object of their attitude. In this case, Hillary's volunteering for Mark's campaign demonstrates her inclination to support him and his candidacy for student body president. The feeling component refers to emotional reactions, intuition is a type of decision-making process, and belief refers to a cognitive attitude component involving acceptance or rejection of a proposition.

Question 10

Dani gradually shares more about her life with J.P. as they continue to date. She tells him how she enjoys her cats, and likes to watch movies. J.P. tells her he also enjoys those things, and that he wants to be a sculptor when he graduates. Dani and J.P. are increasing intimacy through _______.

Accepted Answer

Dani and J.P. are increasing intimacy through self-disclosure, which is gradually revealing personal information about oneself to another person. They are sharing their interests and aspirations with each other, which is a sign of growing closeness and trust in their relationship.

Question 11

Rufus is somewhat timid in social situations. He often looks at his classmates to determine what they are doing before proceeding with an activity, especially if it is controversial. He is probably a ________ self-monitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rufus is somewhat timid in social situations....

Question 12

Stan is a white student who grew up in Alabama and is soon entering the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is aware that many of his classmates will be Black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Stan's attitude is best described as an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Stan's attitude is based on preconceived notions and assumptions about Black people, which is the definition of prejudice. Discrimination would be acting upon those prejudicial beliefs and treating Black classmates unfairly, but there is no indication that Stan has done so yet. Ambiguity and nonconformity do not accurately describe Stan's attitude in this scenario.

Question 13

Pete has a Ph.D. in the performing arts, but he has been working at odd jobs for years to barely survive. He has had little success as an actor and resents the fact that success has eluded him. He blames his failure on the fact that he is a heterosexual in what he believes is a homosexual-dominated business. His resentment has blossomed into a full-blown hatred of homosexuals. The development of Pete's prejudice is best explained by the ________ theory of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration can lead to aggression and prejudice towards another group if the individual feels that the group is responsible for their frustrations. In this case, Pete's frustration with his lack of success as an actor has led to his aggression and prejudice towards homosexuals whom he believes dominate the industry.

Question 14

When someone reveals too much, too soon in communicating with someone else, the other person is likely to ________.

Accepted Answer

Revealing too much too soon can make the other person feel overwhelmed or uncomfortable, causing them to retreat and stop communicating.

Question 15

People who are ________ on self-monitoring are especially likely to override their attitudes and behave in accordance with others' expectations.

Accepted Answer

People who are high on self-monitoring are especially attuned to social cues and are more likely to adjust their behavior to fit social situations and others' expectations. Therefore, they are more likely to override their attitudes and behave in accordance with others' expectations.

Question 16

The tendency for a person with stereotyped beliefs about a particular group of people to make internal attributions for their shortcomings and external attributions for their successes is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The described tendency is known as the ultimate attribution error, where individuals make internal attributions (blaming the person's traits) for negative outcomes experienced by outgroup members and external attributions (attributing success to situational factors) for their positive outcomes. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional (personality) explanations for others' behavior rather than considering situational factors. The actor-observer effect is the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to situational factors and others' behavior to dispositional factors. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.

Question 17

Many of our most basic attitudes ________.

Accepted Answer

Many of our basic attitudes come from early, direct personal experiences, as these formative experiences shape our perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes towards various aspects of life.

Question 18

A relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies toward something or someone else is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies toward something or someone else is an attitude.

Question 19

Rufus is fairly independent. He rarely takes into account what others are doing in a situation before carrying out his own behavior, even if it might be controversial. He is likely a ________ self-monitor.

Accepted Answer

Rufus's behavior suggests that he does not engage in much self-monitoring, meaning he is low on the self-monitoring scale.

Question 20

Since joining his biker group, Kris views himself as almost invincible. He now feels that individuals that are not a part of the group are losers, and not worth his time or effort. Kris is demonstrating _______.

Accepted Answer

Kris is exhibiting in-group bias, which occurs when a person favors individuals who belong to their own group (in this case, his biker gang) over those who do not belong to that group. He now views non-group members as inferior, which is a common result of in-group bias.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology