Question 1

Hundreds of case histories collected by researchers indicate that the first stirrings of sexual interest begin in the ________.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, the first stirrings of sexual interest begin in the fourth or fifth grade.

Question 2

The period of intense self-examination and decision making that is part of the process of identity formation is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The period of intense self-examination and decision making that is part of the process of identity formation is known as an identity crisis. This term was originally coined by psychologist Erik Erikson to describe the challenges faced by individuals during adolescence as they grapple with questions about their values, beliefs, and place in the world. During an identity crisis, individuals may experience feelings of confusion, anxiety, and uncertainty as they try to establish a sense of who they are and where they belong. While an identity crisis can be a challenging and stressful time for many adolescents, it is also an essential part of the process of forming a strong and secure identity.

Question 3

Rameak believes that his son should play football when he grows up, and be the provider for the household. He told his son on one occasion that it was inappropriate for him to play with his sister's dolls. Rameak's desires for his son are probably due in part to his knowledge of ________.

Accepted Answer

Rameak's desires for his son reflect gender-role awareness, which involves understanding the culturally defined roles and behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society. His actions suggest he is guiding his son towards behaviors and interests that align with traditional male roles.

Question 4

Stanley Hall saw adolescence as a period characterized by ________.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Hall saw adolescence as a period of severe "storm and stress," fraught with passion and rebellion. This is the main characteristic that he is known for in his theories of adolescent development.

Question 5

Research shows that children who are placed in quality day care are ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who are placed in quality day care are no more likely to develop behavior problems or problems with self-esteem than those who stay at home with a parent or caregiver.

Question 6

Knowledge of what behavior is appropriate for each gender is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Gender-role awareness refers to the knowledge of what behavior is appropriate for each gender. Gender awareness generally refers to an understanding and sensitivity to the different ways gender affects individuals and society. Gender identity refers to an individual's internal sense of being male, female, or neither. Gender constancy refers to the understanding that one's gender remains the same over time despite changes in external appearance or behavior.

Question 7

In order to make the transition from dependence on parents to dependence upon one's self, the adolescent must develop a stable sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

Developing a stable sense of identity is essential for adolescents to transition from dependence on parents to dependence upon themselves. This involves understanding one's values, beliefs, and goals, and feeling comfortable with one's own sense of self. Without a strong sense of identity, adolescents may struggle to make decisions, form relationships, and navigate new challenges on their own.

Question 8

Dean roughhouses with his friends, and is noisy in class. He believes that is how a boy is supposed to act. His behavior is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Dean's behavior is an example of sex-typed behavior because he is conforming to societal expectations of how boys are supposed to act. It does not suggest innate behavior patterns, cross-typed behavior or gender identity confusion.

Question 9

Children who grow up in the same home with the same parents still have very different day-to-day human relationships in different school and after-school settings. These broader situational factors are called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The non-shared environment refers to the broader situational factors outside of the home that affect a child's development and experiences, including school and after-school settings. The shared environment refers to the experiences and influences that all siblings in a household share, such as parenting practices and family routines. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Options A and B are not accurate descriptions of the concept.

Question 10

When a child begins to leave his mother voluntarily, he is expressing a desire for ________.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the desire for independence and control over one's own life. When a child begins to leave his mother voluntarily, he is showing a desire for more autonomy and a need to explore the world on his own terms.

Question 11

Bethany is 6 years old and in first grade. According to Erikson, her main task is to develop a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

At 6 years old, a child like Bethany is in the stage of development that Erik Erikson described as "Industry vs. Inferiority," which typically occurs between the ages of 5 and 12. During this stage, children are focused on developing a sense of industry, meaning they are learning to be productive, complete tasks, and take pride in their accomplishments.

Question 12

The country with the highest teen birth rate in the industrialized world is ________.

Accepted Answer

The United States has the highest teen birth rate among industrialized nations, according to data from the World Bank.

Question 13

Petra is 14 and in adolescence. Erikson believes her main task is to develop a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, adolescence is marked by the conflict between identity vs. role confusion. Therefore, Petra's main task is to develop a sense of identity.

Question 14

Morgan is 18 years old. She has set aside the problem of developing an identity while she continues to explore various alternatives and choices. She best fits the description of ________.

Accepted Answer

Morgan is in the stage of identity moratorium, which is characterized by actively exploring various options and delaying the commitment to a specific identity.

Question 15

General beliefs about characteristics that men and women are presumed to have are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotypes are general beliefs about the characteristics, traits, and behaviors that are associated with men and women in a given culture or society. These beliefs can influence how individuals are perceived, treated, and behave within social contexts. Gender-role awareness refers to an individual's understanding of the social expectations for behavior that are associated with their gender identity, while sex-typed behavior refers to the degree to which an individual's behavior matches the stereotypical gender norms for their sex. Gender identity refers to an individual's internal sense of being male, female, or non-binary.

Question 16

The most important development of adolescence is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The development of the capacity to reproduce is considered the most important development of adolescence because it marks the transition from childhood to adulthood and is a critical biological and social milestone. Other developments such as emotional awareness, acceptance of adult responsibilities, and awakening of adult intelligence are also important, but not as crucial as the onset of sexual maturity.

Question 17

A network of same-aged friends and acquaintances who give one another emotional and social support to each other is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

A peer group is a network of same-aged individuals who share similar interests, experiences, and values and provide each other with emotional and social support. Cohort refers to a group of individuals who share a common factor such as birth year or graduation year. A crowd is a large group of people gathered together for a specific purpose, such as a concert or protest. A support system can refer to any group or network of individuals who provide emotional, practical, or financial support. However, the term "peer group" specifically refers to a network of same-aged friends and acquaintances.

Question 18

The process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes appropriate to their family, friends, and culture is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes appropriate to their family, friends, and culture is called socialization. Attachment refers to the emotional bond between a child and caregiver. Autonomy refers to a child's development of independence and decision-making abilities. Imprinting refers to the process by which certain animals form strong attachments to their caregivers shortly after birth.

Question 19

The development of formal operations in adolescence leads to ________.

Accepted Answer

The development of formal operations in adolescence leads to overconfidence and egocentrism, as adolescents become able to think abstractly and consider multiple perspectives, but may struggle to accurately assess their own abilities and beliefs.

Question 20

When young adolescents are asked what they most dislike about themselves, ________ is mentioned more than anything else.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that physical appearance is the most commonly cited factor that young adolescents dislike about themselves. This can be particularly difficult during a time when physical changes are happening rapidly and societal pressures to conform to certain beauty standards are strong.

Quiz 9: Life-Span Development