Question 1

Which of the following foods is rich in protein?

Accepted Answer

Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and chickpeas, are rich in protein. They are a great plant-based source of protein for vegetarians and vegans.

Question 2

Minerals are nonessential nutrients and provide 4 kilocalories per gram.

Accepted Answer

Minerals are essential nutrients, but they do not provide any calories (energy). They are needed for various functions in the body, such as building strong bones, maintaining fluid balance, and aiding in muscle contractions. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide energy and calories.

Question 3

The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of:

Accepted Answer

Proteins contain nitrogen, while carbohydrates do not.

Question 4

Micronutrients are those that are required in small quantities. Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Fiber is not considered a micronutrient because it is actually a type of carbohydrate that cannot be fully digested by the human body. Micronutrients are typically essential vitamins and minerals that are needed in small amounts for proper bodily function.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE about...

Question 6

It is likely that intake of a nutrient is both adequate and safe if:

Accepted Answer

The RDA represents the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of almost all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a specific life stage and gender group. However, exceeding the UL (Upper Limit) may cause toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, the best option is to consume a nutrient in the range between RDA and UL, which is both adequate and safe.

Question 7

What is the standard unit used to measure food energy?

Accepted Answer

The standard unit used to measure food energy is kilocalories (kcal), which is also often just referred to as "calories" on food labels. Other units listed (kilograms, pounds, newtons, grams) are units of mass or force and not used to measure food energy.

Question 8

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, 20% to 35% of the total daily caloric intake should come from fat. If Marcus is on a 3500-kilocalorie diet, how many kilocalories should he obtain from dietary fat?

Accepted Answer

To find out how many kilocalories Marcus should obtain from dietary fat, we need to calculate the range of values based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

Step 1: Calculate the total range of kilocalories that should come from fat.

- Multiply the total daily caloric intake (3500 kilocalories) by the lower end of the AMDR (20%):

3500 kilocalories x 0.20 = 700 kilocalories

- Multiply the total daily caloric intake (3500 kilocalories) by the upper end of the AMDR (35%):

3500 kilocalories x 0.35 = 1225 kilocalories

Step 2: Determine the range of kilocalories that Marcus should obtain from dietary fat.

- The range of kilocalories that Marcus should obtain from dietary fat is between 700 and 1225 kilocalories.

Therefore, the best choice is D, which represents the range of 700-1225 kilocalories.

Question 9

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of Americans are meeting recommendations for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of Americans are not meeting recommendations for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Question 10

John and his wife are celebrating their first wedding anniversary. Their dinner consists of 55 grams of carbohydrates, 36 grams of protein, 27 grams of fat, and 18 grams of alcohol. What is the total caloric value of their meal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of John and his wife are celebrating their...

Question 11

A program of studies to systematically assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States is the:

Accepted Answer

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program of studies that systematically assesses the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The NHANES includes physical examinations, laboratory tests, and interviews to gather information about health and nutritional status. The other options either focus solely on food intake (B) or do not assess health and nutritional status through physical examinations (A, C, E).

Question 12

Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, what is the recommendation for protein intake?

Accepted Answer

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommends protein intake between 10%-35% of total daily calorie intake. This is based on the fact that protein is a necessary macronutrient for the body and is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as well as producing enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. However, too much protein can also be harmful to the body, especially for those with kidney problems. Therefore, the AMDR recommends a moderate protein intake for the average adult.

Question 13

Consider an epidemiological study that investigates the relationship between fish intake and cancer risk. Which of the following statements is TRUE about this study design?

Accepted Answer

The statement that subjects in the study will be randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group is not true because this is not a randomized controlled trial. The statement that the results of the study can be used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between fish intake and cancer risk is also not true because there may be confounding variables that cannot be controlled for. The other statements are true. The study is an observational study that examines the relationship between fish intake and cancer risk without any intervention. The findings may suggest a relationship between the two variables, but cannot establish causality.

Question 14

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of 50% of healthy individuals is called the:

Accepted Answer

The Estimated Average Requirement represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of 50% of healthy individuals.

Question 15

An animal study is being conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C on the development of common cold. The researcher gives one group of rats the vitamin C pills, and the other group of rats gets the "dummy" pill (placebo). The rats that received the placebo would be called the:

Accepted Answer

The rats that received the "dummy" pill (placebo) are the control group. They are used as a comparison to the experimental group (rats that received vitamin C) to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The dummy group, double-blind group, and intervention group are not accurate descriptors of this specific set of rats.

Question 16

All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram, while protein provides the same amount of calories. Therefore, carbohydrates do not provide more calories than protein.

Question 17

Which of the following diseases is NOT related to diet?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia is not related to diet, as it is typically caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the lungs. The other options listed have been linked to poor dietary habits and/or nutritional deficiencies.

Question 18

A study is conducted to see if a daily exercise intervention affects blood pressure among people with pre-hypertension. One hundred participants are recruited to participate, and half are randomly assigned to participate in the intervention while the others serve as a control group. What study design is being used?

Accepted Answer

The study design being used is a randomized controlled trial, where participants are randomly allocated to either the intervention group or control group to assess the effect of the exercise intervention on blood pressure.

Question 19

Nutrients are classified into macronutrients and micronutrients. All of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Sodium and iron are classified as micronutrients because they are needed in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water. Macronutrients are required in larger quantities for energy and structural components, while micronutrients are essential for various biochemical and physiological functions but in smaller quantities.

Question 20

The carbohydrate family includes:

Accepted Answer

The carbohydrate family includes sugar, starch, and fiber. Calcium, sulfur, water, and sterol are not carbohydrates.

Quiz 1: The Science and Scope of Nutrition Eating for a Lifetime: a New Field in Nutrition Research Is Revealing Surprising Details About How Food Affects Our Genes