Question 1

Describe some of the responses used by secular leaders to the religious dissent brought on by the Protestant Reformation,including the actions of Charles V and Phillip II.

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Question 2

Which of the following was NOT a legacy of Protestantism?

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Protestantism is often associated with the glorification of hard work and a strong work ethic (A), as evidenced by the Puritan work ethic (B). Additionally, Protestantism emphasized the idea of individual interpretation and discussion of religious texts, leading to the belief that individuals can commune directly with God without the need for an intermediary such as a priest or bishop (D). However, condemnation of capitalism was not a legacy of Protestantism, as many Protestants saw economic success as a sign of God's favor and embraced capitalist principles.

Question 3

What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?

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Question 4

What type of song was most expressive of late-sixteenth-century music?

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The madrigal, a secular vocal piece with multiple parts and complex musical textures, was the most expressive and complex form of music in the late-sixteenth century.

Question 5

What role did politics play in Luther's successful revolt against the Catholic Church? How did Luther's religious ideas,especially toward the relations between church and state,reflect the political situation in Germany?

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Question 6

What impact did the Counter-Reformation have on El Greco? How was this revealed in his paintings?

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Question 7

The leading exponent of late mannerism in Italy,Tintoretto,had a style that could be described as

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Tintoretto's style was characterized by a sense of urgency and intensity, expressed through dramatic compositions, vivid colors, and bold brushstrokes. His paintings often conveyed a sense of emotional turmoil and psychological tension, making them a prime example of late mannerism in Italy.

Question 8

Explain the basic ideas of Calvinism and show how they affected societies where large numbers of Calvinists were citizens.

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Question 9

What made Erasmus a leading figure among the humanists? Discuss his beliefs as they were manifested in his writings.

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Question 10

What events brought about the English Reformation?

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Question 11

What action brought an end to Phillip II's success and good fortune?

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Phillip II's campaign against the United Provinces in the northern Netherlands marked the turning point in his success and good fortune. The Dutch rebels were able to hold off the Spanish army and ultimately gained their independence, which weakened Spain's power and resources.

Question 12

Discuss the literary achievement of Marguerite of Navarre and describe the social world within which she wrote.

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Question 13

How are Shakespeare's insights into human nature expressed in Hamlet? In what ways is Hamlet a mannerist work?

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Question 14

Discuss the origins and beliefs of the Society of Jesus.

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Question 15

Bruegel's The Painter and the Connoisseur pioneered what new subject in art?

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Bruegel's "The Painter and the Connoisseur" is known for its satirical portrayal of the relationship between an artist and an art expert, highlighting the often humorous and critical interactions between creators and those who critique or purchase art.

Quiz 14: Northern Humanism, northern Renaissance, religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 1500-1603