When 6 ligands approach a central metal atom along the x-,y- and z-axes,they will cause the d orbitals to split in energy.The $ \mathrm{d}_{{x^{2}}-y^{2}} $ and the $ \mathrm{d}_{z^2} $ orbitals are most affected because

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The $ \mathrm{d}_{{x^{2}}-y^{2}} $ and the $ \mathrm{d}_{z^2} $ orbitals have the highest electron density along the x-,y-,and z-axes. When ligands approach along these axes, the electrons in these orbitals experience greater repulsion from the ligands' electrons, leading to a greater split in energy.

When 6 Ligands Approach a Central Metal Atom Along the X-,Y-