Question 1

Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

Accepted Answer

Radon gas is a natural radioactive gas that seeps from the ground and is the largest source of radiation exposure for most people.

Question 2

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

In a nuclear fission chain reaction, more than one neutron is generally produced for each one consumed. This is what allows the reaction to continue and generate large amounts of energy.

Question 3

Calculate the energy change per mole for the following reaction? ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ The mass of ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}$ is 2.01355 amu and the mass of ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ is 4.00150 amu.

Accepted Answer

The mass defect is calculated as 2(2.01355 amu) - 4.00150 amu = 0.0256 amu. Converting this to energy using E=mc² and Avogadro's number gives approximately 2.30 × 10⁹ kJ/mol.

Question 4

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol)of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is...

Question 5

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Accepted Answer

Marie Curie was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, one in physics in 1903 and another in chemistry in 1911. She is still the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.

Question 6

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

Accepted Answer

Most of the nuclear power on Earth is produced through the process of nuclear fission, not fusion. The symbol "²³⁵U" is a coded representation for uranium-235 (U-235), which is a common fuel used in nuclear reactors for fission processes.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The statement "many fission reactors have been replaced by fusion reactors, which produce more energy and fewer waste products" is false. As of now, there are no commercially viable fusion reactors, and fission reactors still provide a significant portion of the world's energy.

Question 8

Radioactive elements have been used

Accepted Answer

Radioactive elements are versatile in their applications. They are used in carbon dating to determine the age of artifacts (A), in food irradiation to reduce spoilage and kill pests without making the food radioactive (B), and in smoke detectors, where Americium-241, a radioactive element, is used to detect smoke (C).

Question 9

The following fusion reaction releases 2.16 × 10⁹ kJ per mole of deuterium reacted. ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{3}^{6} \mathrm{Li} \rightarrow 2{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ How much mass is lost in the reaction per mole of deuterium reacted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following fusion reaction releases 2.16 ×...

Question 10

Calculate the energy released (per mole of deuterium consumed)for the following fusion reaction, ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{0}^{1} n$ given the following molar masses of nucleons and nuclei. (c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s) particle $\begin{array}{ll} \text { particle } & \text { mass }(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol}) \ \hline \text { proton } & 1.007825 \ \text { neutron } & 1.008665 \ \text { deuterium } & 2.0140 \ \text { tritium } & 3.01605 \ \text { helium-4 } & 4.00260 \end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The energy released is calculated using the mass defect and Einstein's equation $E=mc^2$. The mass defect is the difference in mass between the reactants and products: $(2.0140 + 3.01605) - (4.00260 + 1.008665) = 0.018785 \, \text{g/mol}$. Converting this to kg/mol and using $c = 2.998 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$, the energy is $0.018785 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{kg/mol} \times (2.998 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s})^2 = 1.69 \times 10^9 \, \text{kJ/mol}$.

Question 11

Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

Accepted Answer

The sun's energy is primarily produced through the process of nuclear fusion, where hydrogen nuclei (¹H) combine to form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process.

Quiz 18: Nuclear Reactions

Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Calculate the energy change per mole for the following reaction? ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ The mass of ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}$ is 2.01355 amu and the mass of ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ is 4.00150 amu.

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Radioactive elements have been used

The following fusion reaction releases 2.16 × 10⁹ kJ per mole of deuterium reacted. ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{3}^{6} \mathrm{Li} \rightarrow 2{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ How much mass is lost in the reaction per mole of deuterium reacted?

Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

Quiz 18: Nuclear Reactions

Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 108 m/s)

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Radioactive elements have been used

The following fusion reaction releases 2.16 × 109 kJ per mole of deuterium reacted. 12H+36Li→224He{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{3}^{6} \mathrm{Li} \rightarrow 2{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}12​H+36​Li→224​He How much mass is lost in the reaction per mole of deuterium reacted?

Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)

The following fusion reaction releases 2.16 × 10⁹ kJ per mole of deuterium reacted. ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{3}^{6} \mathrm{Li} \rightarrow 2{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ How much mass is lost in the reaction per mole of deuterium reacted?