Question 1

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-Slow inward diffusion of _____ is largely responsible for the plateau portion of the cardiac action potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 2

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-carries cholesterol away from cells

Accepted Answer

HDL is known as "high-density lipoprotein", which carries cholesterol away from cells and to the liver for excretion.

Answer: F
 LDL is known as "low-density lipoprotein", which carries cholesterol to the cells for use. None of the other terms listed are related to cholesterol transport.

Question 3

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 4

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.valvular stenosis
b.valvular insufficiency
-valve does not close completely

Accepted Answer

Valvular insufficiency, also known as regurgitation, occurs when a valve does not close completely, allowing blood to flow backward.

Question 5

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.valvular stenosis
b.valvular insufficiency
-produces a "gurgling" murmur

Accepted Answer

Valvular insufficiency, also known as regurgitation, can produce a "gurgling" murmur due to the backflow of blood through the incompetent valve.

Question 6

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-Compare the magnitude of the items in question by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
a. A is greater than B
b. B is greater than A
c. A and B are equal
A. resistance and pressure in the pulmonary circulation
B. resistance and pressure in the systemic circulation
A. volume of blood pumped out by the left side of the heart
B. volume of blood pumped out by the right side of the heart
A. spontaneous rate of depolarization in the SA node
B. spontaneous rate of depolarization in the ventricles
A. velocity of impulse through the bundle of His and Purkinje system
B. velocity of impulse conduction through the AV node
A. rate of depolarization of the SA node on parasympathetic stimulation
B. rate of depolarization of the SA node on sympathetic stimulation
A. duration of systole at resting heart rate
B. duration of systole at rapid heart rate during exercise
A. duration of diastole at resting heart rate
B. duration of diastole at rapid heart rate during exercise
A. rate of ventricular filling in early diastole
B. rate of ventricular filling in late diastole
A. stroke volume when end-diastolic volume equals 130 mL
B. stroke volume when end-diastolic volume equals 160 mL
A. normal stroke volume
B. stroke volume on sympathetic stimulation
A. volume of blood in the ventricles at the onset of isovolumetric ventricular contraction
B. volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of isovolumetric ventricular contraction
A. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the aortic valve opens
B. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the aortic valve closes
A. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the left AV valve opens
B. volume of blood in the left ventricle when the left AV valve closes
A. duration of the refractory period in cardiac muscle
B. duration of contraction in cardiac muscle
A. duration of the refractory period in cardiac muscle
B. duration of the refractory period in skeletal muscle
A. coronary blood flow during systole
B. coronary blood flow during diastole

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the term, labelled a. through g.,...

Question 7

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-What is the proper sequence of blood flow through the circulatory system?
1. right atrium 
2. left atrium 
3. right ventricle
4. left ventricle 
5. pulmonary artery 
6. pulmonary vein
7. lungs
 8. systemic tissues
9. aorta
10. venae cavae

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the term, labelled a. through g.,...

Question 8

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-Changes in cytosolic _____ concentration bring about changes in the strength of cardiac contraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 9

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-carries cholesterol to cells

Accepted Answer

LDL carries cholesterol to cells.

Answer: B 
 HDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol away from cells and towards the liver for processing and removal from the body.

Answer: C 
 Functional syncytium refers to a group of cardiac muscle cells that function together as a single unit.

Answer: D 
 Heart valve refers to the valve-like structures within the heart that regulate blood flow through the different chambers.

Answer: E 
 The pericardial sac is the double-walled sac that encases the heart and helps protect it from injury.

Answer: G 
 Adenosine is a molecule that plays a role in cellular energy metabolism and is sometimes used as a medication to treat certain heart conditions.

Answer: A 
 Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow for direct communication and exchange of molecules between cells.

Question 10

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-area of low electrical resistance that allows an action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to surrounding cells

Accepted Answer

The area of low electrical resistance that allows an action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to surrounding cells is called a gap junction.

Answer: C 
 Functional syncytium is a term used to describe the coordinated electrical activity of cardiac muscle cells, allowing them to contract together as a unit.

Answer: D 
 A heart valve is a structure that regulates the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart.

Answer: E 
 The pericardial sac is a protective membrane that encloses the heart and helps to prevent friction between the heart and surrounding structures.

Answer: G 
 Adenosine is a medication that is used to treat certain heart conditions by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the workload of the heart.

HDL and LDL are not applicable to the given characteristic.

Question 11

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-encircles the heart and secretes a lubricating fluid

Accepted Answer

The pericardial sac encircles the heart and secretes a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats.

Answer: D
 Heart valves are structures that help regulate blood flow through the heart by opening and closing in response to pressure changes.

Answer: C
 Functional syncytium is a characteristic of cardiac muscle, which allows electrical impulses to spread quickly and efficiently throughout the entire heart muscle, allowing for coordinated contractions.

Answer: A
 Gap junctions are specialized protein channels that allow ions and other small molecules to pass directly between cells, allowing for rapid communication and coordination in the heart.

Answer: F
 LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is a type of cholesterol that can contribute to the formation of plaque in arteries and an increased risk of heart disease.

Answer: G
 Adenosine is a chemical that can be used to help diagnose and treat certain heart conditions, as it can slow down or temporarily stop the heart's beating.

Answer: B
 HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is a type of cholesterol that is considered "good" because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and reduces the risk of heart disease.

Question 12

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.valvular stenosis
b.valvular insufficiency
-produces a "whistling" murmur

Accepted Answer

Valvular stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the valve opening, which restricts blood flow and can produce a "whistling" or high-pitched murmur as blood forces its way through the narrowed valve.

Question 13

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-induces coronary vasodilation

Accepted Answer

Adenosine induces coronary vasodilation.

Answer: A 
 Gap junctions are specialized protein channels that allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

Answer: B 
 HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is often referred to as the "good" cholesterol because it can help to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Answer: C 
 Functional syncytium is a term used to describe the coordinated contraction of cardiac muscle cells, which allows the heart to function as a single unit.

Answer: D 
 Heart valves are structures located within the heart that help to regulate blood flow.

Answer: E 
 The pericardial sac is a membranous sac that encloses and protects the heart.

Answer: F 
 LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol because it can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the arteries.

Question 14

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-Parasympathetic stimulation increases the permeability of the SA node to _____, whereas sympathetic stimulation decreases the permeability to this same ion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 15

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-Explosive increase in membrane permeability to _____ brings about the rapidly rising phase of the action potential in contractile cardiac cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 16

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-muscle mass that becomes excited and contracts as a unit

Accepted Answer

Functional syncytium refers to muscle mass that contracts as a unit, such as the cardiac muscle.

Answer: D
 Heart valve refers to the structures that regulate blood flow within the heart.

Answer: E
 Pericardial sac refers to the membrane surrounding the heart that helps protect and lubricate the heart during movements.

Answer: A
 Gap junctions are the specialized connections between cardiac muscle cells that allow for coordinated electrical signaling and contraction.

Answer: F
 LDL refers to low-density lipoprotein, a type of cholesterol associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Answer: B
 HDL refers to high-density lipoprotein, a type of cholesterol associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Answer: G
 Adenosine is a molecule involved in heart function, including regulation of heart rate and blood flow.

Question 17

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic.
a.gap junction
b.HDL
c.functional syncytium
d.heart valve
e.pericardial sac
f.LDL
g.adenosine
-prevents backflow of blood

Accepted Answer

The characteristic described in the question is "prevents backflow of blood", which refers to a heart valve.

Question 18

Match the terms, labelled a. through f., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.stroke volume
b.end-diastolic volume
c.cardiac output
d.heart rate
e.end-systolic volume
f.sympathetic activity
-Heart rate can be increased by increasing _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the terms, labelled a. through f.,...

Question 19

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.CaS1U1P12+S1S1P0
-Inactivation of _____ channels brings about the slow drift of membrane potential to threshold in the cardiac autorhythmic cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 20

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.valvular stenosis
b.valvular insufficiency
-valve does not open completely

Accepted Answer

Valvular stenosis is the condition where a valve does not open completely, restricting blood flow.

Quiz 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Slow inward diffusion of _____ is largely responsible for the plateau portion of the cardiac action potential.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -carries cholesterol away from cells

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -valve does not close completely

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -produces a "gurgling" murmur

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Changes in cytosolic _____ concentration bring about changes in the strength of cardiac contraction.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -carries cholesterol to cells

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -area of low electrical resistance that allows an action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to surrounding cells

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -encircles the heart and secretes a lubricating fluid

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -produces a "whistling" murmur

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -induces coronary vasodilation

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Explosive increase in membrane permeability to _____ brings about the rapidly rising phase of the action potential in contractile cardiac cells.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -muscle mass that becomes excited and contracts as a unit

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -prevents backflow of blood

Match the terms, labelled a. through f., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.stroke volume b.end-diastolic volume c.cardiac output d.heart rate e.end-systolic volume f.sympathetic activity -Heart rate can be increased by increasing _____.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Inactivation of _____ channels brings about the slow drift of membrane potential to threshold in the cardiac autorhythmic cells.

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -valve does not open completely

Quiz 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca2+ -Slow inward diffusion of _____ is largely responsible for the plateau portion of the cardiac action potential.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -carries cholesterol away from cells

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca2+ -The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -valve does not close completely

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -produces a "gurgling" murmur

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca2+ -Changes in cytosolic _____ concentration bring about changes in the strength of cardiac contraction.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -carries cholesterol to cells

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -area of low electrical resistance that allows an action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to surrounding cells

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -encircles the heart and secretes a lubricating fluid

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -produces a "whistling" murmur

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -induces coronary vasodilation

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca2+ -Explosive increase in membrane permeability to _____ brings about the rapidly rising phase of the action potential in contractile cardiac cells.

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -muscle mass that becomes excited and contracts as a unit

Match the term, labelled a. through g., with their correct characteristic. a.gap junction b.HDL c.functional syncytium d.heart valve e.pericardial sac f.LDL g.adenosine -prevents backflow of blood

Match the terms, labelled a. through f., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.stroke volume b.end-diastolic volume c.cardiac output d.heart rate e.end-systolic volume f.sympathetic activity -Heart rate can be increased by increasing _____.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca2+ -Inactivation of _____ channels brings about the slow drift of membrane potential to threshold in the cardiac autorhythmic cells.

Match the valve abnormalities, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -valve does not open completely

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Slow inward diffusion of _____ is largely responsible for the plateau portion of the cardiac action potential.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Changes in cytosolic _____ concentration bring about changes in the strength of cardiac contraction.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Explosive increase in membrane permeability to _____ brings about the rapidly rising phase of the action potential in contractile cardiac cells.

Match the ions, labelled a. through c., with the events being described. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.K⁺ b.Na⁺ c.Ca²⁺ -Inactivation of _____ channels brings about the slow drift of membrane potential to threshold in the cardiac autorhythmic cells.