Question 1

All of the following information should be considered in managing antimicrobial drugs for a patient, except

Accepted Answer

All of the information listed (possible allergies, liver and/or kidney disease, age of patient, and other drugs the patient is taking) should be considered in managing antimicrobial drugs for a patient. This is because each of these factors can have an impact on how the drug is metabolized, absorbed, and excreted by the body, as well as its potential side effects and interactions with other medications.

Question 2

While trying to start an IV on a patient, Kurt received a needlestick injury and blood exposure involving a patient with AIDS. He was immediately started on three different antiretroviral medications. The advantage of using combined therapy in this circumstance is

Accepted Answer

Using combined therapy (also called highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART) with multiple antiretroviral medications is recommended in the treatment of HIV/AIDS because it can prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the virus. When multiple drugs are used together, they can attack the virus at different stages of its life cycle, reducing the likelihood that the virus will be able to develop resistance to all of them. While cost and duration of treatment may also be factors, the primary advantage of combined therapy in this circumstance is the prevention of drug-resistant HIV.

Question 3

The development of successful antiviral drugs has been relatively easy because viral structure is so different from the structure of eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Developing successful antiviral drugs is challenging because many viruses use host cell machinery and because they are able to mutate quickly, making it difficult to develop drugs that remain effective over time. Additionally, some viruses have a similar structure to human cells, making it difficult to target only the virus without harming the host cells.

Question 4

All of the following are problems in the management of antibiotic usage, except

Accepted Answer

The selection of antibiotics based on results of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility testing is actually a good practice in the management of antibiotic usage. The other options are all problems in the management of antibiotic usage.

Question 5

Describe how the therapeutic index of a drug is determined and explain its function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the therapeutic index of a...

Question 6

Which of the following is/are true of antibiotic usage and the development of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics select for resistant mutants and bacteria possessing R-plids, increasing their frequency in the population. While the other choices may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance, the selective pressure of antibiotic usage is the primary driving force behind the increase of resistant bacterial populations.

Question 7

One of the greatest challenges in development of antivirals is finding drugs that are

Accepted Answer

The main challenge in developing antivirals is to find drugs that are selectively toxic for viruses while not harming the host's cells. This is because viruses use the host's metabolic machinery to replicate and spread, making it difficult to target them without also damaging the host's cells. Therefore, finding drugs that specifically target viral proteins or nucleic acids is crucial for developing effective antivirals. Choices A and B are not necessarily critical factors in the development of antivirals, as many drugs can be given orally and absorbed by the GI tract. Choice C is also important, but it is not the main challenge in the development of antivirals.

Question 8

Janice has just had hip replacement surgery and her physician has prescribed antibiotics and directed her to take them every time she has a dental appointment. This is an example of antibiotic

Accepted Answer

Prophylaxis refers to the use of antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of an infection. In this case, Janice is being prescribed antibiotics prophylactically in order to prevent an infection from occurring after dental appointments.

Question 9

Polyene drugs bind to fungal _____ and cause loss of selective permeability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polyene drugs bind to fungal _____ and...

Question 10

Discuss 5 factors that have influenced the increasing development of resistant microbial strains.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss 5 factors that have influenced the...

Question 11

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen
B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If pathogen A is more resistant to...

Question 12

Which is the best guide for selecting an effective antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing provides information about which antibiotics will be effective against the specific strain of bacteria causing the infection. This allows for targeted antibiotic therapy and can help to avoid the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Identification of the microbe causing the infection is also important in determining which antibiotic to use, but susceptibility testing provides more specific information. The history of prior antibiotics prescribed for the patient and the location of the infection may inform the choice of antibiotic, but are not as crucial as susceptibility testing.

Question 13

Discuss the problems with development of antifungal, antiprotozoan, antihelminth, and antiviral drugs compared to the antibacterial drugs. Discuss at least 3 different modes of action that have been developed for these drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the problems with development of antifungal,...

Quiz 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy