Question 1

Currently,Protestants are the largest religious group in Canada.

Accepted Answer

According to the latest census data from 2011, the largest religious group in Canada is actually Roman Catholics. However, "no religious affiliation" is the second largest group, and Protestants are the third largest.

Question 2

A secondary school district redrafts its curriculum offerings into the following categories leading to graduation: early matriculation for 16-year-olds,and late matriculation for trades,technology,and college/university preparation.Which term best identifies this school's structuring?

Accepted Answer

The term "streaming" refers to the practice of grouping students into different categories based on their perceived abilities or interests. In this case, the school district is streaming students into different curriculum offerings based on whether they plan to graduate early or pursue trades vs. college/university preparation.

Question 3

What do children who wear name-brand clothing and possess the latest technological gadgets have more of than children who do not have these resources?

Accepted Answer

Children who wear name-brand clothing and possess the latest technological gadgets have more cultural capital than children who do not have these resources. Cultural capital refers to the non-economic resources that individuals possess, such as education, knowledge, and cultural tastes, which can be used to gain social and economic advantages.

Question 4

Which statement best describes what sociologists call the "hidden curriculum"?

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the implicit or unstated values, norms, and social expectations that are communicated to students through the daily functioning of educational institutions. This includes things like socialization into cultural norms and expectations, reinforcement of societal hierarchies and power structures, and the transmission of dominant cultural values. It is not a separate set of educational objectives or practices designed to restrict or provide opportunities for certain groups.

Question 5

Which general theoretical orientation does the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy reflect?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy reflects the interactionist theory, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and the creation of meaning in shaping individuals and society. The self-fulfilling prophecy involves a person's beliefs or expectations about others, which can influence their behavior and ultimately lead to the fulfillment of those beliefs or expectations. This process is driven by social interaction and the meanings that individuals assign to their experiences.

Question 6

The text discusses an experiment in which a sample of school children were labelled as "academic bloomers" in order to see what effects the label might have on IQ.According to the study authors,Rosenhan and Jacobson,what did they in fact observe?

Accepted Answer

The study observed a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the label of "academic bloomers" led to an actual increase in IQ scores of the identified students.

Question 7

Research findings indicate that people who have formal religious affiliations are more anxious than those without formal religious affiliations.

Accepted Answer

Research findings actually indicate that people with formal religious affiliations tend to have lower levels of anxiety compared to those without formal religious affiliations. This is attributed to the perceived social support, sense of purpose and meaning, and reliance on spiritual coping mechanisms that may come with religious affiliation. However, it is important to note that the relationship between religion and anxiety may vary across cultures and individuals.

Question 8

Which term refers to the implicit transmission of cultural values such as conformity and obedience to authority through the school's rules,routines,and regulations?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the implicit transmission of cultural values such as conformity and obedience to authority through the school's rules, routines, and regulations is the hidden curriculum. The hidden curriculum refers to the subtle, often unspoken messages that students receive in school that may not be part of the intended curriculum, but nonetheless shape their attitudes, beliefs, and values. These messages can include things like discipline systems, dress codes, and classroom management techniques, all of which impart cultural values and norms to students.

Question 9

Who suggested that students come to school with different social assets?

Accepted Answer

Bourdieu is known for his theory of cultural capital, which suggests that individuals come to school with different social assets or cultural resources that provide advantages or disadvantages in the education system.

Question 10

According to the text,which term refers to splitting students into curricular groupings,with each group headed along a different path?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to splitting students into curricular groupings, with each group headed along a different path is streaming.

Question 11

Jonathan has always been told,and believed,that he was a "C" student,and his grades at university are mostly "Cs." What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where Jonathan's belief about his academic abilities has influenced his behavior and actions, ultimately leading to him getting mostly "C" grades.

Question 12

Religion tends to be higher among native-born Canadians than among immigrant groups.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that religion tends to be higher among immigrant groups in Canada compared to the native-born population. This may be because religion can serve as a way of maintaining cultural identity and community for immigrants in a new country. However, the degree of religiosity can vary greatly among different immigrant groups.

Question 13

According to research cited in the text,what conclusion was drawn from the experiment in which teachers at an elementary school were intentionally misinformed that certain children were extremely intelligent?

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrated the power of teacher expectations on student performance, where the students labeled as more intelligent showed significant academic improvement, illustrating a self-fulfilling prophecy effect.

Question 14

Nadir speaks four languages,invests in numerous stocks,values higher education,and attends the opera and the ballet on a regular basis.Which term best describes these particular assets of Nadir?

Accepted Answer

Nadir's ability to speak multiple languages, invest in stocks, value education, and attend the opera and ballet reflect his possession of cultural capital, which refers to non-financial assets that contribute to one's social status and mobility. These values and experiences are often acquired through socialization and education, and can be used to gain advantages in social and professional contexts.

Question 15

What might be noticed in a comparison of the socialization approaches of middle- and lower-class parents?

Accepted Answer

According to the research of Annette Lareau, lower-class parents tend to use a natural growth model of socialization, where children are given more independence and allowed to develop and learn on their own. In contrast, middle-class parents tend to use a concerted cultivation model, where they actively structure their children's time and organize activities to promote their development and success in institutions such as school.

Question 16

According to the text,what has the organization People for Education defined as a major priority?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the organization People for Education has defined Indigenous education as a major priority.

Question 17

Which term refers to assigning students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores and/or previous grades?

Accepted Answer

Streaming refers to the practice of assigning students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores and/or previous grades.

Question 18

Which sociological approach would contend that the very design of mass public schooling ensures that people who are born disadvantaged remain disadvantaged?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists argue that the very design of mass public schooling, including its emphasis on competition, uniforms, and standardized testing, reproduces existing social inequalities and perpetuates disadvantage for those born into marginalized groups. They believe that education is not a solution to systemic societal inequalities but rather an institution that helps to maintain existing power dynamics.

Question 19

According to the text,what is a main result of credentialism?

Accepted Answer

The text states that credentialism leads to class advantage and social status becoming linked to having academic credentials.

Question 20

Patrick is from a "working poor" household.He has been identified as a student with low motivation who is unlikely to go very far in life.There is some suspicion as well that he might have learning challenges.His current teacher thinks he is ill mannered;he doesn't like to put his hand up or wait in lines.The guidance counsellor at Patrick's school strongly advises Patrick to think about "the trades" as a career option.What two aspects of the social production of class are identified in this brief description?

Accepted Answer

The two aspects of the social production of class that are identified in this brief description are hidden curriculum and streaming. The hidden curriculum refers to the non-academic lessons taught in school, such as punctuality, obedience, and respect for authority figures. Patrick's behavior suggests that he may not have internalized these values, which could be a result of his working-class background. Streaming refers to the practice of grouping students into different academic programs based on their perceived abilities. The guidance counselor's suggestion that Patrick consider "the trades" as a career option suggests that he may be perceived as lacking academic potential and could be steered towards vocational training or manual labor rather than pursuing higher education.

Quiz 10: Learning What Is True: Religion,science,and Education