Question 1

Experience sampling differs from longitudinal designs because experience sampling…

Accepted Answer

Experience sampling involves taking repeated measurements of a person's experiences over short time intervals, such as several times a day or several times a week. This differs from longitudinal designs, which collect data over a longer period of time, such as months or years. Experience sampling also relies on a person's experiences, rather than their opinions or retrospective reports. While ethical considerations are still important, they may be different from those in longitudinal designs due to the frequency and immediacy of data collection.

Question 2

If pay and performance were graphed,and employees who have low pay have high performance and employees who have high pay have low performance,this would represent a

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. In this case, as pay increases, performance decreases, and vice versa. This implies that there is no clear relationship between pay and performance or that other factors are influencing the relationship.

Question 3

At Qzork each applicant is interviewed by two different managers who then rate each job candidate on a series of competencies.If you compare how well these two managers agree on their ratings of each applicant you are measuring

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability refers to the degree of consistency between two or more raters or judges in their ratings or evaluations. In this case, the two managers at Qzork are rating the job candidates, and comparing their ratings can help assess inter-rater reliability. Option B, test-retest reliability, refers to the consistency of results over time, and is not relevant here. Option C, internal consistency reliability, is related to how well different items on a scale or test measure the same construct, and is also not relevant here. Option D, validity, refers to the degree to which a test or measure measures what it is intended to measure, and is not directly related to the agreement between raters.

Question 4

Assume that students with high college GPAs tend to earn more money in starting salary than students with low college GPAs,but this relation is far from perfect.Which of the following is a likely correlation between GPA and starting salary?

Accepted Answer

A correlation of 0.40 suggests a moderate positive correlation, which means that as college GPAs increase, starting salaries are likely to increase, but the relationship is not strong or perfect. A correlation of 0.90 or higher would indicate a very strong positive correlation, which is unlikely given the statement that the relationship is far from perfect. A correlation of 0.00 would suggest no relationship at all.

Question 5

The consistency of measurement over time is assessed by

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability is the measure of consistency of a test over time. It involves administering the same test to the same group of individuals at two different points in time and comparing their scores. This method provides an estimate of the stability of the measurement over time.

Question 6

What is the mean of the following set of numbers: 1,2,6,8,5,3,4,3?

Accepted Answer

To find the mean, add all the numbers together and then divide by the number of numbers. (1+2+6+8+5+3+4+3) / 8 = 32 / 8 = 4.

Question 7

You are interested in determining whether or not you can predict the amount of your expected pay increase from your job performance rating.What type of analysis provides you with a mathematical formula that allows the prediction of one variable from another?

Accepted Answer

A regression equation provides a mathematical formula for predicting one variable (dependent variable) from one or more other variables (independent variable/s). In this scenario, the job performance rating is the independent variable and the expected pay increase is the dependent variable. Therefore, a regression equation would be the appropriate choice to predict the expected pay increase based on the job performance rating.

Question 8

If in your English class you were given a test that contained 85% mathematics questions and only 15% vocabulary questions,you would say the test lacked

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure. In this case, a test that is predominantly composed of mathematics questions would lack content validity for an English class, which should focus primarily on vocabulary and language skills.

Question 9

Which of the following statistics is a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

The mean is a measure of central tendency that represents the average value of a set of data. Standard deviation and variance are measures of variability, while correlation is a measure of the relationship between two variables.

Question 10

_________ refers to the inferences that are made about what an observed score measures or represents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ refers to the inferences that are...

Question 11

The variance statistic is a measure of ____________.

Accepted Answer

The variance statistic measures how spread out a set of data is, thus it is a measure of dispersion.

Question 12

You use applicant scores on two tests (intelligence and mechanical aptitude)to predict their performance,and then hire the applicants with the highest predicted performance.You have used the _________ technique.

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the scenario is multiple regression, which involves using multiple variables to predict an outcome. In this case, the variables are the scores on the intelligence and mechanical aptitude tests, and the outcome is job performance.

Question 13

When a researcher is interested in measuring the consistency of measurement across repeated observations of a variable on the same subject s/he is said to be measuring the ____________ of the measurements.

Accepted Answer

The concept described in the question is reliability, which refers to the degree to which repeated measurements of the same variable produce consistent results. Accuracy refers to how closely a measurement corresponds to the true value of the variable, but it does not address consistency over repeated measurements. Repeatedness and observational consistency are not commonly used terms in the measurement literature.

Question 14

Which of the following shows the strongest correlation between variables X and Y?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of 0.90 is stronger than 0.65 and both choices C and D have positive values which indicate a correlation, but 0.90 is the strongest correlation coefficient out of all the options.

Question 15

The fewer items in a test,the better the test's internal consistency.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. A test's internal consistency is typically measured using a reliability coefficient such as Cronbach's alpha, which takes into account the number of items on the test. Generally, a higher number of items on a test leads to greater internal consistency, as long as all of the items are measuring the same construct.

Question 16

In your study of motivation and performance you count the number of computer chips assembled by each worker.This type of measurement is called

Accepted Answer

This type of measurement is continuous because it involves quantifying a range of numerical values (number of computer chips assembled) as opposed to categorizing or counting distinct categories or attributes.

Question 17

While evaluating tests for selecting sales staff,Pat finds that a measure of extraversion is related to sales performance.This test has:

Accepted Answer

Criterion-related validity refers to the extent to which a measure is related to an outcome or criterion. In this case, the measure of extraversion is related to sales performance, making it a good predictor of success in the sales role. Face validity refers to whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure. Content validity refers to whether a test covers a representative sample of the domain it is supposed to measure. Construct validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the theoretical concept or construct it is intended to measure.

Question 18

According to classical measurement theory, every observation of a variable can be divided into two components.  They are

Accepted Answer

According to classical measurement theory, every observation is composed of a true score and an error component.

Question 19

Descriptive statistics summarize the results of a study with summary statistics such as means and standard deviations.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics indeed summarize the results of a study with summary statistics such as means and standard deviations.

Question 20

Your boss tells a friend that he is sure all of his employees love their jobs because every time he sees them they are smiling and they always tell him how much they like their jobs.As an I/O psychologist you would say that your boss' measures of employee satisfaction have high

Accepted Answer

The boss' measure of employee satisfaction has face validity as it appears to measure job satisfaction on the surface (i.e. employees always smiling and expressing enjoyment in their work). However, this measure may not accurately reflect true job satisfaction, as smiling and expressing enjoyment could be due to other reasons such as social norms or fear of losing one's job. Therefore, the measure lacks other types of validity (e.g. criterion-related validity).

Quiz 2: Research Methods in I0 Psychology