Question 1

Research studies have reported that patients with high health literacy are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Patients with high health literacy are better able to understand and follow treatment instructions, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.

Question 2

Studies of patient-provider consultations have found that:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that increased time spent by physicians with patients often leads to higher patient satisfaction, as patients feel more heard and understood.

Question 3

Some people avoid seeking medical care because the perceived benefits do not outweigh the perceived costs.This is called:

Accepted Answer

Treatment delay occurs when individuals avoid seeking medical care due to the perceived costs outweighing the perceived benefits. Appraisal delay refers to the time it takes for someone to evaluate and recognize their symptoms as an illness, illness delay refers to the time it takes for someone to decide to seek medical care after recognizing their illness, and scheduling delay refers to the time it takes for someone to actually schedule and attend a medical appointment.

Question 4

Active listening does NOT include:

Accepted Answer

Active listening involves encouraging the speaker to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings by using techniques such as echoing, restating, and clarifying. Analyzing involves interpreting and evaluating the speaker's message, which can be a form of judgment and can hinder effective communication. Therefore, analyzing is not considered a part of active listening.

Question 5

Kristin,a newly graduated African American medical student,has been assigned to work in an urban free clinic in a lower-income area of a large city.She has been warned by coworkers that a number of the homeless residents in the area frequent the clinic for medication and services.On her first night,a young African American man in a torn shirt and pants comes in complaining of severe stomach pains and vomiting; he requests painkillers to reduce the pain.Kristin hesitates and gives him care only after she asks a series of in-depth and probing questions and only after she has treated a number of other European American and Asian American patients first.Kristin's behavior seems to represent what concept?

Accepted Answer

Kristin's behavior reflects personally mediated racism, which involves differential actions based on race, such as treating patients differently due to racial stereotypes or biases.

Question 6

_____ appears to be an underlying factor of illness anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism, or the tendency to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety, worry, and fear, appears to be an underlying factor of illness anxiety disorder. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism may be more likely to interpret physical sensations as signs of illness and become overly concerned with their health.

Question 7

Although Kendra has a small rash on her abdomen,she hasn't seen a doctor about it because she is generally healthy and sickness seems unlikely.Kendra's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Kendra's behavior is an example of illness delay, which refers to delaying seeking medical attention despite experiencing symptoms of illness.

Question 8

Dr.Gelding meets with each of his patients for eight minutes.While meeting with his European American patients,he listens carefully to their symptoms and asks follow-up questions.When he meets with his Asian American patients,however,he often interrupts their recitation of symptoms,voices objections to their specific requests for medications and treatments,and often does not order the same lab tests as he would for his European American patients with the same symptoms.What term best exemplifies Dr.Gelding's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Gelding's behavior exemplifies personally mediated racism, as it involves personal prejudice and discriminatory actions towards patients based on their race.

Question 9

Although she knows she needs to see a doctor for her symptoms,Sandra keeps putting it off.Sandra's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although she knows she needs to see...

Question 10

People who score high on measures of _____ are more likely to perceive symptoms such as cramping and painful bowel movements as signs of an illness.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by anxiety, worry, and emotional instability. People high in neuroticism may be more sensitive to physical sensations and perceive them as indications of illness. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as cramping and painful bowel movements, may be misperceived as signs of a more serious illness by individuals high in neuroticism.

Question 11

For as long as Cara can remember,'her father has worried excessively over his health,often experiencing imaginary symptoms.Cara's father likely suffers from:

Accepted Answer

Cara's father's behavior is characteristic of illness anxiety disorder, formerly known as hypochondriasis. This disorder is marked by excessive worry of having or developing health problems, often with little or no actual symptoms present. Comorbidity refers to the presence of multiple disorders in an individual. Malingering is the intentional faking or exaggerating of symptoms for personal gain. Chronic fatigue syndrome is a separate disorder characterized by severe fatigue and other symptoms.

Question 12

The average rate of patient nonadherence is estimated to be about:

Accepted Answer

The average rate of patient nonadherence is estimated to be about 25%.

Question 13

Malingering refers to:

Accepted Answer

Malingering refers to pretending or exaggerating symptoms for some external gain, such as receiving financial compensation or avoiding work.

Question 14

Which factor promotes a patient's adherence to a prescribed treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor promotes a patient's adherence to...

Question 15

_____ was formerly known as hypochondriasis.

Accepted Answer

Hypochondriasis is an outdated term for what is now known as illness anxiety disorder, which is characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious illness despite no or minimal symptoms. Hysteria and neuroticism are not the current names of any specific mental health disorders, and malingering refers to intentionally faking or exaggerating symptoms for personal gain.

Question 16

Which of these is NOT one of the central elements of the patient-provider relationship?

Accepted Answer

While frequency of consultations may be important, it is not one of the central elements of the patient-provider relationship. The correct elements are continuity of care, communication, and quality of consultations.

Question 17

Carl didn't seek medical treatment for a mole on his back that had changed appearance because he didn't notice it.Carl's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Appraisal delay occurs when an individual does not recognize that a symptom (like a changing mole) is indicative of a serious condition, leading to a delay in seeking medical treatment. In Carl's case, he didn't notice the change, so he couldn't appraise the symptom's seriousness.

Question 18

Which of these is NOT attributed to patient difficulties with health literacy?

Accepted Answer

Patient difficulties with health literacy are associated with making treatment errors and medication errors, more frequent hospital visits, and higher personal health care costs. However, it is not associated with higher patient satisfaction. In fact, patients with lower health literacy levels may be less satisfied due to difficulties understanding and navigating the healthcare system.

Question 19

Which of these was NOT identified in the textbook as a factor that predicts patient adherence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these was NOT identified in...

Question 20

Which behavior would be considered an example of nonadherence?

Accepted Answer

Nonadherence refers to the failure to follow a prescribed treatment plan or medical advice. Failing to continue taking prescription medication once symptoms disappear is an example of nonadherence. Choices A, B, and D all involve following medical recommendations and are not examples of nonadherence.

Quiz 13: The Role of Health Psychology in Seeking and Obtaining Health Care