Question 1

As a recommended intervention for the modification of coronary-prone behaviour, exercise can

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to have multiple benefits in reducing coronary-prone behavior. It can reduce CHD risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. It also enhances psychological well-being by reducing stress and anxiety. Regular exercise has been associated with a lower incidence of CHD morbidity and mortality. Finally, exercise can help reduce the anxiety associated with CHD following cardiac events by improving physical functioning and reducing the fear of future cardiac events. Therefore, all of these answers are correct.

Question 2

______________ is/are the most common drug treatment for reducing the incidence of death, heart attack, and stroke.

Accepted Answer

Statins are the most common drug treatment for reducing the incidence of death, heart attack, and stroke. They work by lowering cholesterol levels, which can reduce the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries and lower the chances of developing cardiovascular disease. Diuretics and beta-blockers may also be used in the treatment of heart disease, but they are not as effective in reducing the risk of death, heart attack, and stroke as statins. Vitamins and aspirin may have some cardiovascular benefits, but they are not typically used as a first-line treatment for preventing heart disease.

Question 3

Beta-blocking agents are used in cardiac rehabilitation

Accepted Answer

Beta-blocking agents are used in cardiac rehabilitation to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which can result in increased heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand. By blocking the beta-receptors, these medications can help reduce the workload on the heart and prevent further cardiac events. They are not typically used to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, control the pain of angina pectoris, or lower levels of LDL cholesterol, although they may be used in combination with other medications or interventions for these purposes. They are also not typically used as a first-line treatment for behavioural stress management, although they may be recommended in some cases.

Question 4

Social dominance is related to

Accepted Answer

Social dominance has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality. It is characterized by a pattern of attempting to dominate social interactions. Speaking rate may also be faster than normal in individuals with high levels of social dominance. Therefore, all of the answer choices are related to social dominance.

Question 5

Which type of hostility is most related to CHD?

Accepted Answer

Cynical hostility, also known as mistrustful hostility or negative affectivity, is characterized by suspicion, anger, and a general mistrust of others. Research has consistently found a strong association between cynical hostility and coronary heart disease (CHD), as well as other negative health outcomes such as hypertension and stroke.

Question 6

Depression may be a risk factor for CHD due to its relationship with

Accepted Answer

Depression has been associated with both elevated C-reactive protein levels and the metabolic syndrome, both of which are risk factors for CHD. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it includes both factors. Option A (C-reactive protein alone) and option B (metabolic syndrome alone) are not as comprehensive as option C, and option D is not supported by research evidence. Option E is incorrect as depression has been consistently linked to increased risk for CHD in multiple studies.

Question 7

Which of the following has NOT been found to be associated with delay before seeking treatment for myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Being young and white has not been found to be associated with delay before seeking treatment for myocardial infarction, while all the other options have been shown to contribute to delayed seeking of treatment.

Question 8

In a study of Canadian-Chinese and American-Chinese women by Satia-Abouta, Patterson, Kristal, Teh, and Tu (2002), the prevalence of hypertension associated with acculturation may be traced to

Accepted Answer

The study found that the adoption of a lower fruit and vegetable diet as part of acculturation may contribute to the increased prevalence of hypertension among Canadian-Chinese and American-Chinese women.

Question 9

Cardiac rehabilitation programs involve

Accepted Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation programs typically involve a combination of aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, and reduced alcohol consumption. These interventions have been shown to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events. While aerobic exercise is an important component of cardiac rehabilitation, it is often not sufficient on its own to fully address the multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

Diastolic pressure is related to

Accepted Answer

Diastolic pressure is primarily related to the resistance of the blood vessels to blood flow, as it measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Question 11

The role of stress in the development and exacerbation of hypertension

Accepted Answer

The role of stress in the development and exacerbation of hypertension may be different for people at risk for hypertension versus those who are not at risk. Individuals with a family history of hypertension or who have other risk factors may be more vulnerable to the effects of stress on blood pressure.

Question 12

The longer immigrants have been living in Canada

Accepted Answer

According to the article, "the longer they lived in Canada, the higher their odds of having hypertension". This indicates that there is an incremental increase in the chance of having hypertension with increased time spent living in Canada.

Question 13

Individuals who are high in hostility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who are high in hostility
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Question 14

According to a study of hypertension risk factors by Ewart (1991), the family environment that fosters _______________ may then contribute to hypertension.

Accepted Answer

The study by Ewart (1991) suggests that a family environment fostering chronic anger may contribute to hypertension.

Question 15

Hostile individuals

Accepted Answer

Hostile individuals have larger and longer-lasting blood pressure responses to anger-arousing situations.

Question 16

In a study of cardiac invalidism (Taylor et al., 1985), wives' perceptions of their husbands' cardiac and physical efficiency were highest when they had

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study of cardiac invalidism (Taylor...

Question 17

Sudden death from heart attack is most likely to occur

Accepted Answer

Sudden death from heart attack is most likely to occur at home, as people spend the majority of their time there and may delay seeking medical attention or not have access to life-saving equipment. Additionally, sudden cardiac arrest may be triggered by emotional or physical stress, which can also occur at home.

Question 18

Males are at greater risk for hypertension

Accepted Answer

The answer of Males are at greater risk for hypertension
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Question 19

Higher levels of hostility have been found among

Accepted Answer

The answer of Higher levels of hostility have been found...

Question 20

Cardiac invalidism occurs when

Accepted Answer

Cardiac invalidism occurs when patients and their spouses underestimate the patient's physical abilities, leading to unnecessary limitations and reduced quality of life.

Quiz 13: Heart Disease, Hypertension, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes