Question 1

A one-sample chi-square is also known as a ______.

Accepted Answer

A one-sample chi-square test is used to determine if the observed frequencies in a sample match the expected frequencies, making it a goodness-of-fit test.

Question 2

What is the nonparametric test used to determine if the number of occurrences across categories is random?

Accepted Answer

The chi-square one-sample test, also known as the chi-square goodness-of-fit test, is used to determine if the number of occurrences across categories deviates from what would be expected by chance, thus assessing randomness across those categories.

Question 3

If you have 30 respondents identifying their political preference (i.e. ,Democrat,Republican,or independent),what would the expected frequency be for each category?

Accepted Answer

If each respondent can only choose one political preference, then the expected frequency for each category would be equal since there are only three options. Therefore, 30 divided by 3 equals 10, which is the expected frequency for each category.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct formula for the one-sample chi-square?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the correct...

Question 5

Which of the following is the Greek symbol chi?

Accepted Answer

The Greek symbol for chi is written as "χ" which is represented by the letter "c" in the English alphabet. Choice C has the symbol "χ" in it, so it is the correct option.

Question 6

How many subjects are needed to meet the sample assumption associated with parametric statistics?

Accepted Answer

The sample assumption associated with parametric statistics is that the sample comes from a normally distributed population. It is generally recommended to have a sample size of at least 30 in order to meet this assumption. Therefore, the best choice to meet this assumption is C, with a sample size of 30. Choices A and B have larger sample sizes than necessary, and choice D may not meet the assumption associated with parametric statistics.

Question 7

If you have 100 respondents identifying their political affiliation (i.e.Democrat,Republican,or independent),what would the expected frequency be for each category?

Accepted Answer

Since there are three categories (Democrat, Republican, Independent), we can divide 100 by 3 to estimate the expected frequency for each category. The result is approximately 33. Therefore, we would expect around 33 respondents to identify as Democrats, 33 as Republicans, and 33 as Independents.

Question 8

If you have 100 respondents identifying their region of residence (i.e. ,North,South,Midwest,or West),what would the expected frequency be for each category?

Accepted Answer

Given that there are four regions (North, South, Midwest, West) and 100 respondents, the expected frequency for each category, assuming an even distribution, would be 100 divided by 4, which equals 25.

Question 9

The level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis is known as Type I error. Type II error is when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false, while Type III error is when the wrong hypothesis is tested altogether. Power, on the other hand, is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Question 10

If you have 100 respondents identifying their gender,what would the expected frequency be for each category?

Accepted Answer

The expected frequency for each category would be equal if there were only two categories, but since there are male and female categories, the expected frequency for each would be 50 (half of the total respondents). Therefore, the best answer is B, with an expected frequency of 50 for each gender category.

Question 11

What is another term for a two-sample chi-square?

Accepted Answer

A two-sample chi-square test is also known as a test of independence. The goodness-of-fit test is used to compare observed frequencies to expected frequencies in a single group, while the Wilcoxon rank and Mann-Whitney U tests are non-parametric alternatives to the two-sample t-test.

Question 12

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to examine the correlation between ranks?

Accepted Answer

Spearman rank is specifically used for examining the correlation between ranks. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon rank are used to compare two independent groups, Fisher's exact is used for contingency table analysis.

Question 13

Which of the following compares the overall difference between two or more independent samples on more than one dimension?

Accepted Answer

Friedman two-way ANOVA compares the overall difference between two or more independent samples on more than one dimension or variable. The Wilcoxon rank test and sign test compare differences between two related samples, while the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA compares differences between independent samples on a single dimension.

Question 14

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare two independent samples?

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney U test is commonly used to compare two independent samples of ordinal or continuous data when the assumption of normality is not met. Wilcoxon rank is used for related (paired) samples, Spearman rank is used to measure the correlation between two variables, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov is used to test the goodness of fit of a distribution.

Question 15

The most commonly used nonparametric test is the ______.

Accepted Answer

The most commonly used nonparametric test is the chi-square, which is used to analyze categorical data. The other options (t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U) are parametric tests used for continuous data.

Question 16

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to determine if scores from a sample came from a specified population?

Accepted Answer

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to determine if a sample comes from a specified population distribution, making it the best choice for this scenario. The other nonparametric tests listed (Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, and Spearman rank) are used for different purposes, such as comparing two groups or assessing the correlation between variables.

Question 17

Which of the following is the symbol for summation?

Accepted Answer

The symbol for summation is commonly represented by the Greek letter sigma, which looks like a capital letter "E" with two horizontal lines connecting the top and bottom. This symbol is represented in choice D as "".

Question 18

What is the term for statistics that are not governed by distributions?

Accepted Answer

Statistics that are not governed by distributions are referred to as nonparametric. Parametric statistics, on the other hand, assume that the data follows a specific distribution, usually a normal distribution. Nonparametric statistics are particularly useful when the assumptions of parametric statistics are not met, such as when the data is not normally distributed or when sample sizes are small.

Question 19

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare the magnitude and direction of differences between two groups?

Accepted Answer

The Wilcoxon rank test is used to compare the magnitude and direction of differences between two related groups.

Question 20

The obtained value must be compared against which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The obtained value must be compared against the critical value to determine if the result is statistically significant at a predetermined level of significance. The critical value is the value from a statistical distribution table that corresponds to the chosen level of significance and degree of freedom.

Quiz 17: Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests: What to Do When Youre Not Normal