Question 1

Many parents worry about the amount of imaginary play in which their children engages.Having studied the developmental theories that discuss the various benefits of play,what would you advise these parents?

Accepted Answer

According to developmental theories, engaging in social fantasy role-play has benefits for a child's psychological health, such as increased levels of self-confidence and self-control. Therefore, parents should not be discouraged when their child engages in imaginary play but instead encourage it as a natural part of their development.

Question 2

As a result of his observations of children playing in the communities of La Paz and San Andres,both located in Mexico,anthropologist Douglas Fry concluded that aggression was

Accepted Answer

Douglas Fry concluded that aggression was the result of learned social behavior, which begins in childhood. This observation suggests that aggression is not innate or instinctual, but rather a product of the social and cultural norms in which children are raised.

Question 3

Some parents worry that if their children play with "older kids," they are very likely to pick up bad habits."The older kids," the parents seem to feel,"are going to corrupt my child!" Which of the following book titles would give the best information to these parents?

Accepted Answer

This title directly addresses the parents' concerns and eliminates any negative connotations about older children. It also offers a positive perspective on how older children can be a good influence on younger kids.

Question 4

Which psychologist investigated the different types of attachment through the use of the "strange situation" experiment?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth is the psychologist who investigated different types of attachment through the use of the "strange situation" experiment.

Question 5

Jean Piaget argued that unsupervised play with peers is critical to the __________ development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jean Piaget argued that unsupervised play with...

Question 6

Which of the following statements has been supported by research investigating the pros and cons of letting children of different ages play together?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that letting children of different ages play together can benefit younger children by exposing them to more advanced skills and behaviors modeled by older children. This can promote learning and development. However, it is important for adults to monitor and facilitate the play to ensure safety and appropriate interactions.

Question 7

The process of practicing self-discipline,a concept labeled by Lev Vygotsky as self-__________,is something that play helps children develop.

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky labeled the concept of practicing self-discipline as self-regulation. Play helps children develop self-regulation by providing opportunities to practice controlling their impulses and emotions, setting goals, and monitoring their own behavior. Therefore, option B, regulation, would be the best choice for this question.

Question 8

Which of the following types of attachment styles in infancy is not one of the attachment styles that describes different adult relationships?

Accepted Answer

The disorganized-disoriented attachment style is specific to infancy and is not used to describe adult relationships. The other three attachment styles (secure, anxious, and avoidant) are used to describe different patterns of behavior in adult relationships.

Question 9

Young boys tend to play in large groups and engage competitive,rough-and-tumble play.Young girls,on the other hand,tend to play in smaller groups geared toward maintaining group cohesion.These differences are described by psychologist __________ as "the two cultures of childhood."

Accepted Answer

The differences in play behavior between young boys and young girls, as well as the description of "the two cultures of childhood," are attributed to psychologist Eleanor Maccoby.

Question 10

When the work of Mary Ainsworth and the "strange situation" experiment are examined in cultures beyond the United States of America,there is often criticism that this type of investigation is not appropriate for assessing the attachment of children in other cultures.Which of the following does your textbook state is one such argument against this type of research in other cultures?

Accepted Answer

Japanese culture values closeness and attachment between mothers and infants, and it is uncommon for infants to be separated from their mothers. Therefore, a test that calls for separation is not culturally appropriate for assessing attachment in Japanese infants.

Question 11

Which of the following children is most likely to have a temper tantrum when her father leaves the room?

Accepted Answer

Children with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style are often clingy, fear abandonment, and can become upset when their caregiver leaves. Nola, with a secure attachment, would likely feel confident and secure even when her father leaves. Denia, with a disorganized-disoriented attachment, may have difficulty regulating her emotions and may display unpredictable behaviors. Lakesha, with an anxious-avoidant attachment, may not display much emotion when her father leaves as she has learned to suppress her feelings and avoid attachment behaviors.

Question 12

The very first developmental crisis that human beings experience,according to the theory of Erik Erikson,is

Accepted Answer

The first developmental crisis according to Erik Erikson's theory is trust vs. mistrust, which occurs during the first stage of psychosocial development that takes place in the first year of life. During this stage, infants learn to trust or mistrust the world based on the quality and consistency of their interactions with their caregivers. If their needs are consistently met with warmth and affection, they develop a sense of trust; if their needs are frequently ignored or met with hostility, they may develop a sense of mistrust.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the effect of culture on play is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children all over the world engage in play and some aspects of play behavior, such as rough-and-tumble play and pretend play, are seen in nearly every culture. The way children interact during play also shows similarities across cultures, such as taking turns, using language to negotiate roles, and establishing rules.

Question 14

Some children who were observed did not demonstrate one consistent attachment style,but instead seemed unable to decide how they should react to their mother and to new circumstances.Researchers have labeled this the __________ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

The disorganized-disoriented attachment style is characterized by inconsistent or conflicting behaviors towards the caregiver, confusion, disorientation, freezing, and contradictory expressions of affect. Children with this attachment style may be hesitant to approach their caregiver for comfort, seem dissociative or emotionally detached, struggle with regulating their emotions, and have difficulties trusting others.

Question 15

The majority of children who were studied by Mary Ainsworth had were labeled as having which of the following attachment styles?

Accepted Answer

The majority of children studied by Mary Ainsworth were labeled as having a secure attachment style. This means that they felt secure in their caregiver's presence and felt comfortable exploring their environment. Anxious-ambivalent, anxious-avoidant, and disorganized-disoriented attachment styles were also identified, but they were minority styles in the sample studied by Ainsworth.

Question 16

Which one of the following children would most likely be described as "independent?"

Accepted Answer

Children with anxious-avoidant attachment tend to be more independent and self-reliant as they perceive their caregivers as unresponsive and unhelpful. Children with a secure attachment (choice A) may be independent but are likely to seek out their caregiver for support when needed. Children with anxious-ambivalent attachment (choice B) tend to be more clingy and dependent on their caregiver. Children with disorganized-disoriented attachment (choice D) may exhibit unpredictable and erratic behaviors and may have difficulty regulating their emotions and behavior.

Question 17

One theory that explains why children play such different types of games - from tag to playing house with dolls,from building brick towers to playing word games - suggests that

Accepted Answer

This theory suggests that children play different types of games to develop the skills they will need later in life, such as problem-solving, communication, and social interaction. Playing different types of games allows children to practice a variety of skills and develop them to their fullest potential.

Question 18

According to psychologist Ann Kruger,children's moral development is best strengthened when they discuss social dilemmas with their __________.

Accepted Answer

Ann Kruger's research suggests that children's moral development benefits significantly from discussing social dilemmas with their peers, as it allows them to explore and understand different perspectives and moral viewpoints.

Question 19

In most cultures,from the age of four or five onward,we spend more time with our __________ than with our parents.

Accepted Answer

Peers are individuals who are of the same age or social group as oneself. It is common for children around the age of four or five to begin attending school, where they will spend a significant amount of time with their peers. As they continue through their educational journey, they will form closer bonds and spend even more time with their peers in and outside of school settings. Therefore, peers are the best choice for this question.

Question 20

Which of the following was one of the attachment styles proposed by Mary Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth proposed the attachment styles of secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant.

Quiz 12: Human Development II: Social Development