Question 1

In order to avoid confusing entomology (the study of insects) with etymology (the study of the history of words), Vicky associates the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects. What specific type of mnemonic is she using?

Accepted Answer

Vicky is using a keyword mnemonic in which she links the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects. This helps her remember the difference between the two similar-sounding words.

Question 2

Current cognitive psychologists view learning more as the construction of knowledge than as the acquisition of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Current cognitive psychologists emphasize that learning occurs through the active construction and organization of new knowledge based on prior experiences, rather than simply receiving and storing information passively as in the traditional view of learning as acquisition. This perspective is known as constructivism.

Question 3

The first step in peg-type mnemonics is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in peg-type mnemonics is...

Question 4

Consuela is a fourth-grade student who is studying geography. Tomorrow, she has a quiz over the Great Lakes. She creates a mnemonic device, HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior), to help her remember the names of the lakes. What type of mnemonic device is she using?

Accepted Answer

Consuela is using an acronym, where each letter represents the initial letter of each Great Lake.

Question 5

Based on the serial-position effect, what group of letters of the alphabet should be the most difficult to remember for someone who is first learning the alphabet?

Accepted Answer

The serial-position effect refers to the tendency for people to more easily remember items that were presented at the beginning or end of a list, but have more difficulty with items presented in the middle. In the case of learning the alphabet, the letters MNO are in the middle and therefore should be the most difficult to remember for someone who is first learning the alphabet.

Question 6

Recognizing stimuli by feature analysis is a form of bottom-up processing.

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing refers to starting with the individual elements of a stimulus and building up a larger understanding, which is exactly what feature analysis does when recognizing stimuli.

Question 7

You are asked to learn 100 world cities, so you divide the cities into their continents and set about your task. You are more likely to succeed than someone who begins to learn the states at random, because your system

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are asked to learn 100 world...

Question 8

What type of knowledge do experts have that involves an understanding of how to perform various cognitive activities?

Accepted Answer

Experts have procedural knowledge which involves knowing how to perform various cognitive or physical activities. This type of knowledge is acquired through experience and often involves a series of steps or procedures to complete a task. For example, a skilled chef has procedural knowledge of how to prepare and cook a complex dish.

Question 9

"I before E except after C" is an example of the use of what memory method?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "I before E except after C" is...

Question 10

Dr. Beach used to be a typical 'absent minded professor.' However, she found that she could remember the things her husband asked her to pick up at the grocery store by imagining the items she needed placed on her desk, bookshelf, and file cabinet. The mnemonic device that she used is

Accepted Answer

The technique Dr. Beach used is called the loci method, also known as the memory palace or method of loci. It involves mentally placing items to be remembered in specific locations, such as rooms of a familiar building or furniture in a familiar room, and then mentally walking through the location and visualizing each item. This technique has been used since ancient times and is still effective today for improving memory retention.

Question 11

Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can be reduced through the use of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can...

Question 12

A student provides an explanation of why water evaporates, but his description leaves out some of the details the teacher provided, while including some new information. Cognitive theorists would attribute this to

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists would attribute the student's explanation to reconstruction, which occurs when a person's memory is incomplete and they must fill in gaps with their own knowledge or assumptions. This explains why the student left out some details provided by the teacher, but included new information.

Question 13

While taking his final exam, Jerry recalled one item of information that caused him to remember another piece of information related to the question. What phenomenon has he just experienced?

Accepted Answer

Jerry has experienced the spread of activation, where recalling one piece of information can trigger the retrieval of related information due to the activation spreading through associative connections in the brain.

Question 14

Claire, a three-year-old, has difficulty remembering her street address. According to research on short-term memory use, what is a likely cause of Claire's problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Claire, a three-year-old, has difficulty remembering her...

Question 15

The use of imagery techniques of learning, such as the keyword method, seems most appropriate for what age group?

Accepted Answer

Late elementary school and older. While younger children may benefit from imagery techniques, they may not have fully developed the cognitive ability to create and retain visual associations. Late elementary school and older students have better developed cognitive abilities and may benefit more from imagery techniques.

Question 16

Stacey is trying to learn the abbreviations and names for the chemical elements, such as Au (gold). He connects the Au with a mental picture of Auric Goldfinger, the villain in a James Bond novel. This is an example of using what learning strategy?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of using the keyword method, which involves associating new information with a familiar word or image. In this case, Stacey is linking the abbreviation for gold (Au) with the name of a character, Auric Goldfinger, to help remember it more easily.

Question 17

Josh's history teacher wants Josh to learn important events that occurred during World War I. What type of knowledge would be most directly involved in this learning?

Accepted Answer

Domain-specific declarative knowledge refers to knowledge that is specific to a particular content area, in this case, World War I. Therefore, learning important events that occurred during World War I would fall under this category.

Question 18

What can teachers do to help their students develop an automated basic skill?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that students have the necessary prerequisite knowledge and providing practice with feedback is key in developing a basic skill that can become automated over time. By building a strong foundation of knowledge and skills, students will be able to gradually automate their basic skills with practice and repetition. The other answer choices are also important in developing cognitive skills, but they do not specifically address the development of automated basic skills.

Question 19

According to Woolfolk, the basic purpose of mnemonic aids is to

Accepted Answer

The basic purpose of mnemonic aids is to make connections between the information to be memorized, for example, by associating the information with a visual image or a rhyme. This helps to create more meaningful and distinctive representations in memory, increasing the likelihood of successful retrieval later on. While mnemonic aids may also enhance motivation or aid in rehearsal, these are secondary benefits to their primary purpose of improving memory encoding and retrieval.

Question 20

An educational application designed to reduce the impact of the serial-position effect is to

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a lesson into small parts that can be easily remembered can help reduce the impact of the serial-position effect. This allows the learner to retain more information and improve their overall understanding of the topic. Additionally, starting with administrative tasks or seatwork may not be effective as the learner's attention may already be diminished by the time important materials are presented. Providing a preview of the next period may also not be as helpful compared to breaking down the lesson into smaller parts.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Views of Learning

In order to avoid confusing entomology (the study of insects) with etymology (the study of the history of words) , Vicky associates the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects. What specific type of mnemonic is she using?