Question 1

The key constitutional issue that enters the abortion debate is ________.

Accepted Answer

The key constitutional issue that enters the abortion debate is the right to privacy. In the landmark case of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court held that the right to an abortion is a privacy right protected by the 14th Amendment. This decision allows women to make their own choices about their bodies and health without government interference. However, this right is not absolute and may be regulated by states to protect the health of the mother and the potential life of the fetus. The point at which human life begins is also important, but it is not the key constitutional issue that enters the abortion debate. The husband's role in the decision-making process is not relevant since it is the woman's right to choose. Free speech is also not a central issue in the abortion debate.

Question 2

Which of the following is the biggest obstacle to the development of new, more effective methods of contraception?

Accepted Answer

Fear of lawsuits is a significant obstacle to the development of new contraception methods. Companies are often hesitant to invest in new products that could lead to legal challenges, which can be costly and damage their reputation.

Question 3

The 1973 Supreme Court decision that upheld a woman's right to abortion as a fundamental right was ________.

Accepted Answer

Roe v. Wade was the 1973 Supreme Court decision that upheld a woman's right to abortion as a fundamental right. Monroe v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, Doe v. Bolton was a companion case to Roe v. Wade that clarified some aspects of the decision, and Kramer v. Kramer was a 1979 film about a divorce and custody battle.

Question 4

Zachary, a 40-year-old man, has four children and does not want any more children. As his wife has medical complications, he decides to undergo sterilization. His doctor makes two incisions in the skin of his scrotum and cuts and ties each vas deferens. Identify the procedure that is illustrated in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in this scenario is a vasectomy, which involves cutting and tying each vas deferens to prevent sperm from being ejaculated during sexual intercourse. This is a form of male sterilization and is a common procedure for couples who no longer wish to have children. Tubal ligation (A) is a form of female sterilization, which involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus. Laparoscopy (B) is a surgical procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube to examine the abdominal cavity and may be used for a variety of purposes, including sterilization. Hysterectomy (C) is the surgical removal of the uterus and is a more invasive procedure than sterilization.

Question 5

Most likely, a woman who desires to terminate her pregnancy at the eighth week will undergo a ________.

Accepted Answer

Vacuum aspiration, also known as suction aspiration, is a method commonly used to terminate a pregnancy at 6-12 weeks. It involves the use of a suction device to remove the contents of the uterus. Colostomy is a surgical procedure that diverts the colon to an opening in the abdomen, and hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Dilation and evacuation are typically used for later term abortions, after 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 6

Abigail, a 23-year-old woman, gave birth to a baby girl a month ago but has not experienced her first postpartum menses. She does not want to use hormonal methods of contraception as she fears that it will interfere with her milk production. Instead, she breastfeeds her baby every 5 hours during the day and every 6 hours at night and successfully avoids getting pregnant. Which of the following methods of contraception is used by Abigail in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Abigail is practicing the lactational amenorrhea method, which is a natural form of contraception that relies on the frequency and intensity of breastfeeding to suppress ovulation, thereby delaying the return of menstrual cycles. This method can be effective for up to six months postpartum, provided that certain conditions are met, such as exclusive breastfeeding and frequent feedings around the clock. It does not require any external devices or medications and is safe for both the mother and the baby. However, it is not a reliable long-term method and should be supplemented with other forms of contraception once breastfeeding decreases or stops.

Question 7

Nonoxynol-9 is effective for preventing many sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) including HIV.

Accepted Answer

Nonoxynol-9 is not effective for preventing many sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) including HIV. In fact, using it too frequently or in high doses can cause irritation and increase the risk of certain STIs, including HIV. It is no longer recommended as a primary method of protection against STIs.

Question 8

One-third of all abortions in the United States are ________.

Accepted Answer

One-third of all abortions in the United States are spontaneous abortions, which occur naturally without medical intervention.

Question 9

How soon after unprotected intercourse should Plan B One-Step emergency contraception pill be administered for effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How soon after unprotected intercourse should Plan...

Question 10

The combination of the calendar, cervical mucus, and the basal body methods is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The combination of the calendar method (tracking the menstrual cycle), cervical mucus method (observing changes in vaginal discharge), and basal body temperature method (measuring temperature changes before and after ovulation) is called the symptothermal method. It is a natural family planning method that can be effective in preventing pregnancy if followed correctly. The rhythm method, on the other hand, only involves tracking the menstrual cycle and is considered less reliable. The barrier method (such as condoms or diaphragms) is a form of contraception that involves creating a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. The ovulation method is synonymous with the symptothermal method, but it may also refer specifically to the cervical mucus method.

Question 11

Which of the following is generally true of most women who have had an abortion?

Accepted Answer

Each of the statements reflects common reasons and demographics associated with women who seek abortions in the U.S. A broad cross-section of women from various socioeconomic, racial, and age groups have abortions. Economic reasons, including the inability to afford a child, and personal or social reasons, such as not wanting to be a single parent, are frequently cited by women seeking abortions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about first-trimester abortions?

Accepted Answer

First-trimester abortions are generally considered safe procedures with low risk of complications, including long-term physical effects. Bleeding can occur after the procedure, but usually only for a short period of time. Second-trimester abortions are typically more complicated procedures. Dilation and curettage, rather than dilation and evacuation, is the most common method used for first-trimester abortions, usually under local anesthesia.

Question 13

Madeline, a 35-year-old woman, examines the secretions of the cervix during her menstrual cycles. She observes that there is a significant change in the secretions prior to ovulation. The secretions change from being cloudy, white mucus to becoming clear, stretchy mucus. Based on the nature of secretions, she determines the unsafe days and avoids having sexual intercourse during this period. Which of the following is best illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the use of the cervical mucus method, where a woman monitors the changes in her cervical mucus to determine her fertile and non-fertile days. This method can be used to either achieve or avoid pregnancy.

Question 14

The more education couples have, the less likely they are to talk about and utilize family planning.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not supported by research. In fact, studies have shown that higher levels of education are positively associated with contraceptive use and family planning discussions within couples.

Question 15

Which of the following is usually done surgically for male sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Male sterilization, also known as a vasectomy, involves cutting and tying off each vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra. This procedure is typically done surgically under local anesthesia. A and D are not correct choices as removal of the prostate gland or tying off the epididymis would not result in sterilization. B is not a typical method of male sterilization.

Question 16

During tubal ligation, laparoscopy is used to make an incision ________.

Accepted Answer

During tubal ligation, laparoscopy is used to make a small incision at the edge of the navel to insert a laparoscope, which allows the doctor to visualize the fallopian tubes and perform the ligation.

Question 17

Ambivalence about pregnancy is a powerful incentive NOT to use contraception.

Accepted Answer

Ambivalence about pregnancy means having mixed feelings or uncertainty about whether or not to become pregnant. This can lead to a lack of motivation to use contraception consistently, as the person may not have a strong desire to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, ambivalence about pregnancy can be a powerful incentive not to use contraception.

Question 18

The female condom that is currently sold on the market is called "Today."

Accepted Answer

The female condom currently sold on the market is actually called "FC2."

Question 19

Jackson and Jenny, two teenagers, are not ready to take the risk of an unwanted pregnancy but have unprotected sex. As per Jenny's calculations, she is ovulating. What should Jenny do to prevent an unintended pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Next Choice One Dose is an emergency contraceptive pill that can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. It works by delaying ovulation, preventing fertilization, or inhibiting implantation of a fertilized egg. It is the most appropriate option to prevent an unintended pregnancy in this scenario. The other options (A, B, and D) require medical assistance and/or preparation beforehand, and are not effective for emergency contraception.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of female sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Female sterilization, such as tubal ligation, does not affect sexual enjoyment, hasten menopause, or stop the production of eggs. It prevents the eggs from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus, leading to their reabsorption by the body.

Quiz 11: Contraception and Abortion