Question 1

All of the following are associated with the traditional masculine gender role EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Communication is not exclusive to the traditional masculine gender role and is a skill valued in many aspects of society regardless of gender. The other choices are all associated with the traditional masculine gender role.

Question 2

In the context of traditional gender roles and scripts, which of the following is included in the traditional male sexual script?

Accepted Answer

One of the traditional male sexual scripts involves the belief that all physical contact between a man and a woman leads to sex. This belief often results in pressure or coercion for women to engage in sexual activity, even if they are not interested or ready.

Question 3

Tressa is playing with her dolls. Her mother compliments her on how nicely she has dressed them. This makes Tressa more interested in her dolls and in hairstyling. Which theory does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies the cognitive social learning theory, which emphasizes the influence of observation and modeling on children's behavior and attitudes. Tressa observed her mother's positive reinforcement of her doll-playing behavior and became more interested in it, learning and modeling new skills such as hairstyling. The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious and conflicts between biological drives and social expectations, while the moral development theory is concerned with the development of moral reasoning and values. Sociobiology theory views human behavior as determined by evolutionary factors.

Question 4

All of the following are associated with the traditional female gender role EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Independence is typically associated with the traditional male gender role, rather than the traditional female gender role. The other choices (passivity, compliance, and nurturance) are commonly linked to traditional feminine traits.

Question 5

Mary sends her son to a military school because she is concerned about his affinity to "women's activities" such as cooking and sewing. She believes that equestrian and other outdoor activities will make him manlier. Which of the following methods of socialization does Mary most likely use here?

Accepted Answer

Mary is using activity exposure by encouraging her son to engage in activities she perceives as more masculine, like equestrian and outdoor activities, to influence his interests and behaviors.

Question 6

Tanya and Kevin are twins. They recently got a new swing set for their backyard. Kevin is allowed to play on the swing by himself, but Tanya is only allowed to play with her mother's assistance. This is a typical example of

Accepted Answer

This is a double standard because Kevin is allowed to play on the swing by himself while Tanya needs her mother's assistance, even though they are twins and should be given equal opportunities to play.

Question 7

African American women ________.

Accepted Answer

African American women have historically been seen as strong and resilient figures in their communities, often taking on leadership roles and fighting for their rights and the rights of their communities. However, generalizations about the thinking, role models, and dependence of diverse groups of people are not accurate or useful.

Question 8

During gym class at an elementary school, Ms. Yomogida sends the boys to the football field, while she teaches the girls ballet. This is a typical example of how teachers

Accepted Answer

The teacher is reinforcing traditional gender-role socialization by sending the boys to play football, which is typically associated with masculinity, and teaching the girls ballet, which is typically associated with femininity. This reinforces the idea that boys should engage in physical, competitive activities while girls should engage in more delicate, artistic pursuits.

Question 9

Although gender is not inherent in inanimate objects or in behaviors, we treat many objects and behaviors as if they were masculine or feminine. This cognitive organization of the world according to gender is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The cognitive organization of the world according to gender is referred to as a gender schema. This schema can influence our perception and interpretation of objects and behaviors, leading to gender stereotyping and sex typing. The options A, B and D are related to gender schema, but they do not accurately describe the concept as a whole.

Question 10

While walking through the toy store with her 1-year-old son, Brianna stops and points out the baseballs, shows her son guns and trucks, and walks quickly past the Barbie dolls. This aspect of parental gender socialization is called

Accepted Answer

Channeling is the aspect of parental gender socialization where children are directed towards certain toys, activities, and interests based on their gender. This is reflected in Brianna's behavior of pointing out baseballs, showing her son guns and trucks (traditionally seen as "boy toys"), and quickly passing by Barbie dolls (traditionally seen as "girl toys"). Activity exposure refers to the act of providing opportunities for children to engage in different activities, while indoctrination refers to the intentional promotion of certain beliefs or values. Verbal appellation refers to the use of language to reinforce gender stereotypes, such as calling a girl "princess" or a boy "tough."

Question 11

The phenomenon of modeling is usually associated with

Accepted Answer

Modeling is a central concept in cognitive social learning theory, which highlights the role of observation and imitation in the development of behavior and cognition. This theory suggests that people learn by observing others, modeling their behaviors and attitudes, and testing them out for themselves.

Question 12

In the context of gender role learning in children, ________ is out of place here.

Accepted Answer

Indoctrination refers to teaching someone to accept a set of beliefs uncritically, which is broader and not specific to gender role learning. Channeling, manipulation, and verbal appellation are specific mechanisms through which children learn gender roles.

Question 13

A significant difference between the Black female gender role and the White female gender role is that Black women

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Black women socialize their daughters to be more independent, assertive, and self-reliant compared to White women. This is due to their historical experiences with racism and sexism, which have forced them to be resilient and able to navigate difficult situations on their own. Additionally, Black women are more likely to prioritize education and career advancement for themselves and their daughters, seeing these as crucial for achieving economic stability and independence.

Question 14

Vanessa's parents are African American. It is most likely they will socialize her to be

Accepted Answer

The question implies that the parents' race will have an impact on how they raise their child. It is a common stereotype that African American households value independence, self-reliance, and assertiveness, which suggests that Vanessa's parents may raise her to be independent. However, it is important to note that not all families conform to stereotypes, and individual parenting styles vary regardless of race. Therefore, while choice A is the most likely answer, it is not a definite outcome.

Question 15

When Sydney insists on sitting on her mother's lap, her mother says she is being loving. When Damien insists on sitting on his mother's lap, he is told that he is being a baby. This demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

This situation demonstrates the concept of verbal appellation because the same behavior (wanting to sit on a parent's lap) is being labeled differently depending on the gender of the child. Sydney is being praised for being loving, while Damien is being criticized for being a baby. This reinforces gender stereotypes and can negatively impact their self-esteem and sense of gender identity.

Question 16

When the kids on the block play "airplane," Tran, who wants to play the flight attendant, is ridiculed by the other boys who say, "That's for girls!" This example typically shows how peers influence gender-role learning through

Accepted Answer

The peers in this situation are using verbal disapproval to enforce gender norms and discourage Tran from playing a role traditionally associated with girls.

Question 17

A cognitive development theorist and a cognitive social learning theorist agree on many things. However, they DISAGREE on

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development theorists like Piaget believed that age plays a crucial role in shaping how children think and learn, while cognitive social learning theorists like Bandura believe that learning can take place at any age through observation and modeling. Therefore, they disagree on whether age determines how learning takes place. They largely agree on the other three options listed.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional female sexual script?

Accepted Answer

Men being taught to love is not an element of the traditional female sexual script. The other options are commonly associated with this script, such as the idea that sex is both good and bad, the societal expectation for women to maintain a certain physical appearance, and the stigma surrounding women openly discussing their sexuality.

Question 19

Which of the following characterizes typical female characters on television?

Accepted Answer

Female characters on television are often portrayed as under age 30, thin, and attractive. This representation reinforces societal beauty standards and can contribute to body image issues for women and girls.

Question 20

Twins Isaac and Taylor engage in pretend play. Isaac often imitates their father, while Taylor imitates their mother. Isaac pretends to go to work, while Taylor pretends to do the cooking and other household chores. Which of the following theories of socialization is depicted in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates cognitive social learning theory, which suggests that children learn social roles and behaviors by observing and imitating others, in this case, their parents.

Quiz 5: Gender and Gender Roles