Question 1

Open-ended questions do not

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions allow for unexpected answers, give the researcher a respondent's answer verbatim, and produce a wide range of responses, but they do not save time when compared to closed-response questions, either in the interview or during tabulation. They typically require more time for both the respondent to answer and the researcher to analyze.

Question 2

Respondents for the pre-test and the survey should be drawn from _____________ populations) 
a) a similar 
b) the same 
c) a representative 
d) the general 
e) different

Accepted Answer

The answer of Respondents for the pre-test and the survey...

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about a good questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

The researcher's motivation for asking each question does not necessarily need to be clear to the respondents. The focus is on designing questions that effectively gather the needed information, not on explaining the researcher's motivations.

Question 4

The question - "Do you consider Nestea cool and refreshing?" represents which of the following criteria for a poorly worded question in a soft drink survey? 
a) relevancy 
b) objectivity 
c) non ambiguity 
d) double-barreled

Accepted Answer

The answer of The question - "Do you consider Nestea...

Question 5

Using an open-ended question to follow up a closed-ended question is called a probe.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Probing questions are open-ended questions that follow up closed-ended questions to elicit further information or clarification.

Question 6

If a questionnaire has been written by a researcher who is experienced in the subject area, a pretest can be skipped.

Accepted Answer

Even if the researcher is experienced, a pretest should still be conducted to ensure that the questions are clear and respondents understand them as intended. A pretest can also identify any potential issues with the questionnaire before it is distributed to a larger sample.

Question 7

Direct questions are preferred in cases where respondents may tend to provide responses perceived as socially desirable or those they feel are desired by the interviewer

Accepted Answer

Indirect questions are preferred in such cases because they help to reduce the social desirability bias, allowing respondents to provide more honest and accurate answers.

Question 8

One limitation of using open-ended questions is that the respondents may not use the same frame of reference, which may not be discernible to the interviewer.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Respondents may interpret open-ended questions differently, and their frame of reference may be unclear to the interviewer, leading to inconsistent or inaccurate responses.

Question 9

Some research concerns about the questionnaire as a whole, that should be pretested are: 
a) flow of the questionnaire 
b) skip patterns 
c) length 
d) respondent interest and attention 
e) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some research concerns about the questionnaire as...

Question 10

Open-ended questions overcome subjective judgments in responses

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions allow for a wide range of responses, which can introduce subjective judgments from respondents as they express their personal opinions, experiences, or feelings.

Question 11

Use of indirect questions may aid in bypassing biases in international research

Accepted Answer

Indirect questions can be used to gather information without directly asking for sensitive or potentially controversial opinions, beliefs, or behaviors. This can help to reduce response biases in international research where cultural or social norms may impact willingness to disclose certain information. By using indirect questions, respondents may feel more comfortable sharing their thoughts and experiences, leading to more accurate and reliable data collection.

Question 12

The purpose of a pretest is to ensure that the questionnaire meets the researcher's expectations in terms of the information that will be obtained.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a pretest is to test the questionnaire on a small sample of respondents before conducting the main survey to ensure that it is valid and reliable and to identify any potential problems with the questions or instructions. This helps to ensure that the data obtained from the survey will be accurate and meaningful.

Question 13

Which one of the following is a factor that affects the design of the questionnaire? 
a) respondent demographics 
b) method of administering the questionnaire 
c) the target population 
d) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following is a...

Question 14

To avoid incompleteness in a questionnaire, the researcher should do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Including questions that are not directly related to the research purpose can lead to irrelevant data and potentially skew results. The other options listed are all important steps to avoid incompleteness in a questionnaire.

Question 15

Order bias occurs when prior questions influence answers to subsequent questions.

Accepted Answer

Order bias occurs when prior questions influence answers to subsequent questions. This happens when the response to one question impacts the response to the next question. It is important to structure surveys and questionnaires carefully to avoid this type of bias.

Question 16

In international research, it is always clear that comparable or equivalent attitudinal or personality constructs are relevant in all countries and cultures

Accepted Answer

Attitudes and personality traits can vary greatly between different cultures and societies, making it challenging to develop instruments that are universally applicable. Researchers must therefore take care to ensure that their instruments are properly adapted and validated for use in each specific cultural context.

Question 17

If there is a likelihood of ignorance in the respondents, a "don't know" category is appropriate.

Accepted Answer

If there is a chance that respondents may not have the necessary knowledge or information to answer a question, providing a "don't know" or "no opinion" response option can be helpful in ensuring the validity and reliability of the results. This can also prevent respondents from guessing or providing inaccurate responses.

Question 18

Which of the following type of questions are mainly used to collect demographic and behavioral data when only two answers reasonably exist? 
a) dichotomous questions 
b) multiple choice questions 
c) scaled questions 
d) unstructured questions 
e) self-administered questions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following type of questions...

Question 19

If there is a likelihood of ambivalence in the respondents, a "neutral" category is inappropriate.

Accepted Answer

Including a "neutral" category allows respondents who genuinely feel ambivalent or indifferent about a question to accurately record their stance, rather than forcing them to choose a side that doesn't reflect their true feelings.

Question 20

The split-ballot technique is

Accepted Answer

The split-ballot technique involves using two different versions of a question, with each version being asked to a different half of the sample. This helps to control for potential biases or confounding factors that may arise from asking the same question in the same way to the entire sample.

Quiz 12: Designing the Questionnaire