Question 1

The most notable general source of statistical information for Canada is the
A)Gallup poll.
B)Demographic Yearbook.
C)World Book Encyclopedia.
D)Superintendent of Documents.
E)Canada Year Book.

Accepted Answer

The Canada Year Book is an annual publication that provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of Canadian life, including demographics, economics, education, and health. It is considered the most notable general source of statistical information for Canada.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the central difference between nonreactive research and other kinds of social scientific research?
A)Participants are not harmed in any way
B)Participants are unaware of the purpose of the research they are participating in
C)The research focuses on objects (e.g.,books,furniture,waste products,etc.),rather than people
D)Participants are not aware they are being studied during data collection
E)The research process does not involve a treatment,or any manipulation of independent variables

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes the...

Question 3

Graduate student Karen Koolray submitted her MA thesis to her supervisor.When Karen's supervisor returned her thesis,it contained a margin note that indicated Karen had committed the fallacy of misplaced concreteness.Which of the following points in Karen's paper was this criticism most likely referring to?
A)The conclusion that undergraduate research textbooks reinforce sexist assumptions about intellectuals
B)The observation that female researchers' work is referenced in undergraduate research textbooks 18.364928 percent less than male researchers' work
C)The claim that undergraduate research textbooks can be studied with only existing statistics
D)The claims that approximately 308 undergraduate research textbooks are published each year and that this will not change for at least 10 years
E)The assumption that data from the international Learning Materials Survey accurately represents the content of undergraduate research methods textbooks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graduate student Karen Koolray submitted her MA...

Question 4

Which of the following terms describes a measure of social well-being,such as "quality of social life," for the purpose of better informing government and other policymaking officials?
A)Inference
B)Census
C)Social indicator
D)The Data Liberation Initiative (IDL)
E)Social trend

Accepted Answer

A social indicator is a measure of social well-being, such as quality of social life, for the purpose of better informing government and other policymaking officials. It is used to assess and monitor social conditions and trends, and to inform policy decisions. Inferring refers to drawing conclusions based on evidence, a census is a count of population or housing, the Data Liberation Initiative (IDL) is a program to provide access to social science data, and a social trend refers to a pattern of change in social behavior or attitudes.

Question 5

Jane Jenzen is interested in how members of three different ethnic groups are portrayed in Time,Newsweek,and Maclean's magazines.She is only interested in considering feature articles containing news and stories about ethnic groups.After examining the three magazines,she finds that the average issue of each magazine contains 45 articles and that the magazines are published 52 weeks per year,yielding 23 400 articles.She decides to limit the number of articles to 156 articles per magazine-468 articles in total,or 2 percent.What is Jenzen's unit of analysis?
A)All articles in Time,Newsweek,and Maclean's for the years 2000 to 2010
B)Each individual article
C)All 23 400 articles
D)468 articles
E)2 percent of 23 400 articles

Accepted Answer

Jenzen's unit of analysis is each individual article. She is interested in analyzing how members of three different ethnic groups are portrayed in feature articles containing news and stories about ethnic groups, which means her focus is on individual articles rather than the entire magazines or a subset of articles.

Question 6

Coding for implicit meanings like emotions,themes,and moods is a feature of
A)coding frames.
B)manifest coding.
C)structured observation.
D)latent coding.
E)frequency coding.

Accepted Answer

Implicit meanings like emotions, themes, and moods are often not directly observable and require a deeper level of analysis. Latent coding is one technique used to identify these underlying meanings. Manifest coding, structured observation, and frequency coding focus on more observable and surface-level aspects of data. Coding frames can be used in any of these coding techniques to help organize and structure the data, but they do not specifically relate to coding implicit meanings.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between direction and intensity?
A)Direction is where something fits on a continuum,while intensity pertains to how often messages pertain to different points on the continuum.
B)Direction is where something fits on a continuum,while intensity is the strength or power of a message in a direction.
C)Direction is a measure of interval variables,while intensity is a measure of categorical variables.
D)Direction pertains to the overall character of a sample frame,while intensity pertains to the level of agreement or divergence of each element from the overall direction.
E)Measures of direction involve value judgments,while measures of intensity do not.

Accepted Answer

Direction refers to where something fits on a continuum or spectrum, while intensity refers to the strength or power of a message in a particular direction. For example, in a political survey, direction would be the respondent's position on the political spectrum (left, right, center), while intensity would be the strength of their belief in that position (strongly left or slightly left). So, option B best describes the relationship between direction and intensity.

Question 8

Where do researchers keep notes or tallies of what has been coded in content analyses?
A)Coding frame
B)Coding manifest
C)Coding system
D)Recording sheet
E)Coding space

Accepted Answer

Researchers typically keep notes or tallies of what has been coded in a recording or coding sheet, where they can record codes and organize them according to categories or themes. While coding frame or coding system refer to a set of guidelines, instructions, or rules used to guide or standardize the coding process, and coding manifest refers to a list of all the codes or categories generated from the data, they do not necessarily serve as a place for keeping track of coded data. Coding space is not a commonly used term in content analysis.

Question 9

Professor John Juniper was interested in using Statistics Canada data to examine trends in Canadian unemployment rates over the last 40 years; however,he found that the official definition of "unemployment" used to collect unemployment statistics differed from year to year.Which of the following issues complicates matters for him?
A)Reliability
B)Validity
C)Ecological fallacy
D)Ideal types
E)The coding frame is invalid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor John Juniper was interested in using...

Question 10

When must a researcher who uses several coders measure for and disclose intercoder reliability?
A)Always
B)When the researcher's sample is heterogeneous and different coders are analyzing different sources of data
C)When the researcher's sample is homogenious and different coders are analyzing the same or similar sources of data
D)When interviewer effects are present
E)The decision is up to the discretion of the researcher

Accepted Answer

Regardless of the nature of the sample or data source, a researcher who uses several coders must measure for and disclose intercoder reliability. Intercoder reliability measures the degree to which different coders agree on their coding decisions and is a crucial aspect of ensuring the validity and reliability of research findings. Failing to establish and report intercoder reliability can compromise the integrity of the study and raise questions about the accuracy and consistency of the results.

Question 11

During the 1960s,which movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists wanting to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy?
A)General social survey movement
B)Well-being statistics movement
C)Quality of life movement
D)Census movement
E)Social indicators movement

Accepted Answer

The Social Indicators Movement (SIM) emerged in the 1960s as a response to dissatisfied social scientists who wanted to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy. The movement aimed to develop measures of societal well-being, progress, and quality of life, beyond economic indicators like GDP.

Question 12

An example of a problem with existing statistics can occur when a researcher defines a concept such as unemployment in one way but the available statistical information gathered by a government agency uses a different definition.What type of problem can this create?
A)A problem of validity
B)A problem of misplaced concreteness
C)A problem of missing data
D)A problem of reliability
E)A problem of inference

Accepted Answer

This can create a problem of validity because the researcher's definition of unemployment may not align with the government agency's definition, leading to inaccurate or incomplete data. Validity refers to the degree to which a measure accurately reflects the concept being studied.

Question 13

Pete Patterson is interested in how mayoral candidates from different parties were presented in local newspapers during the 10-week campaign period of the last municipal election in his town.Each paper published five issues per week throughout the 10-week period.Each of the 150 issues contained an average of 42 articles,giving Pete a total of 6 300 articles.Due to budget and time constraints,Pete decides to sample 630 of the articles.What is Pete's sampling frame?
A)The 150 issues of the three local newspapers
B)Each individual article
C)All 6 300 articles
D)The list of 630 articles
E)10 percent of 6 300 articles

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pete Patterson is interested in how mayoral...

Question 14

What can be observed in nonreactive research projects?
A)External appearances
B)Intentions
C)Time duration
D)A and B
E)A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can be observed in nonreactive research...

Question 15

Examining wear and tear of exercise equipment in a fitness centre to determine which sorts of exercises members are most inclined to engage in is an example of which type of nonreactive measure?
A)Accretion
B)Running records
C)External appearance
D)Erosion
E)Time duration

Accepted Answer

Examining wear and tear of exercise equipment is an example of erosion, which involves the natural decay of a physical object over time. This nonreactive measure can provide insight into which types of exercises are most popular among members and therefore being used frequently, causing more wear and tear on the equipment.

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of text content that social researchers measure?
A)Direction
B)Frequency
C)Accuracy
D)Space
E)Intensity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not one...

Question 17

What is the difference between a coding system and a coding frame?
A)A coding system explains how to make systematic observations,while a coding frame lists all of the possible values a code can take
B)A coding system is a class of software used to code text data,while a coding frame is a list of possible codes
C)A coding system explains how to select cases for content analysis,while a coding frame lists all of the possible cases in the population
D)A coding frame explains how to select cases for content analysis,while a coding frame lists all of the cases that have been sampled
E)A coding system outlines the procedures for manifest coding,while a coding frame outlines the procedures for latent coding

Accepted Answer

A coding system provides guidelines for systematic observation and analysis of data, while a coding frame lists all of the possible values that a code can take. Therefore, option A accurately defines the difference between a coding system and a coding frame.

Question 18

Which of the following features best describes why secondary data analysis is increasingly used by researchers?
A)It permits the researcher to closely observe people in routine,everyday interactions.
B)It allows the researcher to ask participants questions that are specifically related to the research topic.
C)The researcher knows the data very well because he or she has designed the survey questions and then collected the data.
D)It is relatively inexpensive.
E)Secondary data allows the researcher to manipulate the information so that it can more accurately be applied to his or her study.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data analysis is increasingly used by researchers because it is relatively inexpensive compared to primary data collection. This is because secondary data is data that has already been collected by other researchers or organizations, so the cost of collecting it is already accounted for.

Question 19

Existing statistics are best for topics
A)where the researcher controls a situation and manipulates an independent variable.
B)that involve the underlying meaning of messages in cultural communications.
C)where the researcher asks questions and learns about reported attitudes or behaviour.
D)that involve information routinely collected by large bureaucratic organizations.
E)directly related to a research question.

Accepted Answer

Existing statistics are most useful for topics that involve information routinely collected by large bureaucratic organizations, such as government agencies or health care providers, as these organizations often collect extensive data on a range of topics, making existing statistics readily available.

Question 20

Undergraduate student Stanley Sleuth conducted a content analysis study of the Toronto Star newspaper between 1915 and 2005.He first identified 20 000 relevant articles involving government regulation of business and systematically sampled these articles with a sampling interval of 50.He then coded each sampled article based on the subjective meaning it expressed as pro- or anti-government regulation using a 1 to 10 scale (1 = very anti-regulation,10 = very pro-regulation).In this study,Stanley used
A)latent coding.
B)manifest coding.
C)generic coding.
D)intervention strategy coding.
E)contingency coding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Undergraduate student Stanley Sleuth conducted a content...

Quiz 10: Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis

The most notable general source of statistical information for Canada is the

Which of the following best describes the central difference between nonreactive research and other kinds of social scientific research?

Which of the following terms describes a measure of social well-being,such as "quality of social life," for the purpose of better informing government and other policymaking officials?

Coding for implicit meanings like emotions,themes,and moods is a feature of

Which of the following best describes the relationship between direction and intensity?

Where do researchers keep notes or tallies of what has been coded in content analyses?

When must a researcher who uses several coders measure for and disclose intercoder reliability?

During the 1960s,which movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists wanting to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy?

An example of a problem with existing statistics can occur when a researcher defines a concept such as unemployment in one way but the available statistical information gathered by a government agency uses a different definition.What type of problem can this create?

What can be observed in nonreactive research projects?

Examining wear and tear of exercise equipment in a fitness centre to determine which sorts of exercises members are most inclined to engage in is an example of which type of nonreactive measure?

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of text content that social researchers measure?

What is the difference between a coding system and a coding frame?

Which of the following features best describes why secondary data analysis is increasingly used by researchers?

Existing statistics are best for topics