Question 1

Which child's family is most likely to emphasize academic achievement?

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently shown that Japanese American families tend to emphasize academic achievement more than other ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 2

The reaction range for IQ is estimated to be about ________ points.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reaction range for IQ is estimated...

Question 3

Characteristics of a family that affect one child but not others in the household is termed the ________ environment.

Accepted Answer

Nonshared environment refers to the unique experiences and characteristics of a child within a family that affect them differently than their siblings. This can include differences in parenting, relationships with extended family members, and individual life experiences.

Question 4

The view that IQ scores are largely a function of heredity but supported by the environment reflects Aslin's concept of

Accepted Answer

Aslin's concept of maintenance posits that a skill or trait is largely determined by genetic factors, but can be influenced and supported by environmental factors. This aligns with the view that IQ scores are largely a function of heredity, but can be supported by the environment. Facilitation (B) and attunement (C) are related concepts but do not directly connect with the question of IQ and heredity/environment. Induction (D) involves using specific observations or data to form a general conclusion, which is not evident in the given statement. Accommodation (E) refers to the process of changing one's mental schema to accommodate new information, which is not applicable here.

Question 5

One lasting effect of Head Start is

Accepted Answer

One of the lasting effects of Head Start is that children who participate in the program develop a belief in their ability to reach educational goals, which can have positive effects on their academic success in the future.

Question 6

Research has shown that ____________________ is more important than family income in determining a child's IQ.

Accepted Answer

The quality of parent-child interactions has been found to have a stronger correlation with a child's IQ than family income. Studies have shown that responsive and stimulating interactions with parents can enhance a child's cognitive development and lead to higher IQ scores.

Question 7

Studies show that when children who attend Head Start programs are compared during elementary school or high school with children from similar backgrounds who did not attend Head Start, the children with the special preschool experience are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Studies show that children who attend Head Start programs are more likely to be assigned to regular classes in school compared to children who did not attend Head Start. They also have higher education attainment and are less likely to be held back, drop out, or have lower mathematics scores. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 8

Research into racial differences in intellectual performance has shown consistently higher performance on achievement tests, particularly math and science, by children who are

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that Asian and Asian American students tend to outperform other racial groups on achievement tests, particularly in math and science.

Question 9

Which of the following 8-year-old children is most likely to have the highest IQ?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that on average, individuals from Asian countries tend to score higher on IQ tests compared to individuals from other countries. However, it is important to note that IQ scores are not solely determined by race or ethnicity and can vary greatly within any given group.

Question 10

Differences in average IQ test scores between African American and Caucasian children become apparent at about the age of ________ years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differences in average IQ test scores between...

Question 11

Results of early intervention studies with children from poverty-level families whose mothers had low IQ scores support the conclusion that

Accepted Answer

The results of early intervention studies with children from poverty-level families whose mothers had low IQ scores suggest that consistent and frequent stimulation in the environment can have a positive effect on IQ. This suggests that environmental factors, rather than solely genetic factors, can play a significant role in IQ outcomes.

Question 12

The success of infant intervention programs such as Ramey's is attributed in part to the

Accepted Answer

The success of Ramey's infant intervention program is attributed to the consistent, frequent stimulation provided to the infants. This stimulation is considered key to improving cognitive development and academic achievement.

Question 13

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the impact of Head Start?

Accepted Answer

Head Start programs have been shown to result in an initial gain in IQ scores during the year of participation, although these gains may not be sustained long-term.

Question 14

A family is made up of four children (James, Jennifer, John, and Jane). Which child is likely to have the lowest IQ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A family is made up of four...

Question 15

Jesse attended Head Start; therefore we would expect that he will be

Accepted Answer

Head Start is a comprehensive early childhood education program that provides children from low-income families with health, nutrition, and social services. Therefore, we can expect that Jesse received his required immunizations and was provided with essential health care services, making him healthier overall.

Question 16

When compared to non-preschool peers, poor children with preschool experience

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that poor children who attend preschool are more likely to function better in school than their non-preschool peers. However, this does not necessarily mean that they will test dramatically higher or differ significantly in IQ. There is also no evidence to suggest that they exhibit more aggressive behaviors or have unrealistic expectations.

Question 17

Although the IQs of African American children are 10 to 12 points lower than those of Caucasian children, the difference is within the reaction range of IQs. This indicates that the difference could be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The statement "the difference is within the reaction range of IQs" means that the variation in IQ scores is normal and expected, and is not necessarily an indication of differences in intelligence or ability. Therefore, genetic programming cannot be identified as a causal factor for the difference in IQ scores between African American and Caucasian children. The other options (low birth weight, inadequate nutrition, high blood levels of lead, and parents who do not read to their children) are all factors that have been shown to impact cognitive development and could potentially contribute to the IQ score difference.

Question 18

Even though intelligence is heritable, the person's score within the ________ is determined by the environment.

Accepted Answer

The concept of reaction range explains how heredity and environment interact in the development of a trait. It suggests that a person's genetic potential sets a range within which they can perform, but the extent to which they reach that potential is influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, a person's specific score within the range of intelligence potential is determined by environmental factors such as education, nutrition, and opportunity for intellectual stimulation.

Question 19

The results of the Perry Preschool Project in Milwaukee indicate that as young adults, those who had attended the Project

Accepted Answer

According to the text, the results of the Perry Preschool Project in Milwaukee indicate that those who had attended the project had lower rates of criminal behavior as young adults. Therefore, option E is the correct answer. None of the other options are supported by the information in the text.

Question 20

Given the recent research in racial differences in math and science achievement test scores, we would expect which child to have the highest score?

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that on average, Asian-Americans tend to score higher on math and science achievement tests than other racial groups. Therefore, we would expect Kim, who is Asian-American, to have the highest score.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Development Ii: Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities